The Rise of A District Lead Firm: The Case of Wam (1968-2003)

In recent times one major evolution in several industrial districts in Italy has been emergence of new hierarchical structures that led to the rise of lead firms. These are firms that – contrary to canonical district firms which tend to remain small – pursue size grow, invest in marketing, distribution and R&D, reorganize their subcontracting networks, and become international by establishing commercial subsidiaries and production facilities abroad. However, lead firms’ histories remain largely unexplored. This article contributes to fill this gap by examining the case of one of such lead firms: Wam, a company set up in 1968 in the mechanical engineering district of Modena, which at the beginning of the 21st century had become the world leader in the production of bulk material handling and dust filtration machinery. The article in particular focuses on the strategy of growth and internationalization that this company has pursued and its effects in both the host nations and in its Italian ID of origin.