Background and General Aim: Anxious and depressive symptoms are the most common emotional disorders in outpatients, frequently co-occuring with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and colorectal adenomas (CRAs). Studies on their comorbidity, mostly conducted on inpatients, reported conflicting findings. According to a psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological (PNEI) approach, chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the Kynurenine (KYN) Pathway (KP) could represent the trait d'union between these conditions. Description of the studies: STUDY I – Aim: To measure prevalence and association of anxious-depressive symptoms with MetS and its components among primary care patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Among 210 primary care outpatients, 84(40%) had anxiety, 30(14.29%) had depression and 26(12.38%) had anxious-depressive symptoms. 66 patients (31.43%) had MetS. Symptoms of anxiety were inversely associated to employment (OR=0.28, p=0.04) and positively to waist circumference (OR=2.07, p=0.03); both depressive (OR=0.17, p<0.01) and anxious-depressive symptoms (OR=0.20, p<0.01) were inversely associated to education level. Conclusion: A positive association was found between waist circumference, key component of MetS, and anxiety, suggesting the need to clinically manage them in a coordinated way. STUDY II – Aim: To assess prevalence and associations between anxious-depressive symptoms, MetS, CRAs and inflammatory markers in outpatients according to a PNEI view. Methods: Cross-sectional study. CRAs, MetS, anxious-depressive symptoms, personality traits and inflammatory markers were measured in outpatients undergoing colonoscopy. Results: Among 62 patients (50% men), 45.2% had CRAs and 41.9% MetS. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were detected in 16(32.7%) and 9(18.4%) subjects. CRAs correlated to male sex (r=0.32; p=0.01), age (r=0.34, p<0.01), IL-6 (r=0.31; p=0.03) and MetS (r=0.28; p=0.03). MetS correlated to age (r=0.32; p<0.001) and IL-6 (r=0.37; p<0.01). Conclusions: Our data suggest a link among a proinflammatory status, some psychological traits and metabolic parameters. STUDY III – Aim: To explore gender differences in a sample of outpatients undergoing colonoscopy for screening procedures. Methods: MetS was assessed according to ATPIII and IDF criteria. For the psychometric assessment HADS and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were used. Results: Among 126 outpatients (51.6% male), 51(44%) had CRAs, 54(47%) MetS, 41(41.4%) anxiety, 22(22.2%) depression and 13(13.1%) anxious-depressive symptoms. Diastolic hypertension (OR=10.14, p<0.01) was directly associated to male sex. TCI Reward Dependence (OR=0.67, p=0.04) and HDL (OR=0.94, p=0.02) were inversely associated to male sex. Conclusions: Several gender differences were detected, suggesting the need to implement different preventive and diagnostic strategies in both sexes. STUDY IV – Aim: To explore the role of inflammatory cytokines and KP metabolites in the comorbidity between anxious-depressive symptoms and MetS. Methods: Serum concentration of CRP, IL-6 and KP metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography. Results: Among 126 subjects, MetS (vs. non MetS) patients had different distribution of several KP metabolites. At the regression analysis, CRP (p<0.01) and 3-hydroxy-KYN (p<0.01) were associated to depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Collected data suggest that inflammatory cytokines and KP metabolites are involved in MetS, anxiety and depression. Overall Conclusions: Preliminary data were collected about a link between anxious-depressive symptoms and internal-dysmetabolic disorders, suggesting new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

Introduzione e scopi generali: La sintomatologia ansioso-depressiva è tra i disturbi emotivi più comuni, e spesso si manifesta in pazienti con Sindrome Metabolica (SM) e adenomi colorettali (CRAs). Studi sulla loro comorbilità, condotti per lo più in pazienti ospedalizzati, hanno riportato risultati contrastanti. In un’ottica psico-neuro-immuno-endocrinologica (PNEI), l’infiammazione cronica e alterazioni della via della Chinurenina (KP) potrebbero rappresentare il trait d'union tra queste condizioni. Descrizione degli studi: STUDIO I –Scopo: Misurare prevalenze e associazioni tra sintomi di ansia e/o depressione e SM e sue componenti in pazienti della Medicina Generale. Metodi: Studio trasversale. La presenza di ansia e depressione è stata misurata con HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Risultati: Di 210 pazienti ambulatoriali (126 donne, 60%), 84(40%) avevano sintomi di ansia, 30(14.29%) depressione e 26(12.38%) sintomi ansioso-depressivi. I sintomi di ansia si associavano negativamente allo stato lavorativo (OR=0.28, p=0.04) e positivamente alla circonferenza vita (OR=2.07, p=0.03). Sia i sintomi depressivi (OR=0.17, p<0.01) che ansioso-depressivi (OR=0.20, p<0.01) erano inversamente associati al grado di istruzione. Conclusioni: L'associazione positiva tra circonferenza vita e sintomi di ansia suggerisce l’utilità di gestire clinicamente queste due dimensioni in modo coordinato. STUDIO II –Scopo: Descrivere secondo un’ottica PNEI le associazioni tra sintomi ansioso-depressivi, SM, CRAs e markers infiammatori in pazienti ambulatoriali. Metodi: Studio trasversale. SM, CRAs, sintomi ansioso-depressivi, tratti di personalità e markers infiammatori soni stati misurati in pazienti ambulatoriali sottoposti a colonscopia. Risultati: Di 62 pazienti (50% maschi), 45.2% avevano CRAs e 41.9% SM. Ansia e depressione sono stati rilevati in 16(32.7%) e 9(18.4%) soggetti. I CRAs correlavano con sesso maschile (r=0.32; p=0.01), età (r=0.34, p<0.01), IL-6 (r=0.31; p=0.03) e SM (r=0.28; p= 0,03). La SM correlava con età (r=0.32; p<0.01) e IL-6 (r=0.37; p<0.01). Conclusioni: I dati suggeriscono un legame tra stato infiammatorio e parametri metabolici. STUDIO III – Scopo: Esplorare le differenze di genere in un campione di pazienti ambulatoriali sottoposti a colonscopia di screening. Metodi: La SM è stata valutata con i criteri ATPIII e IDF. Per la valutazione psicometrica sono stati usati HADS e TCI. Risultati: Tra 126 pazienti (51.6% maschi), 51(44%) avevano CRAs, 54(47%) SM, 41(41.4%) ansia, 22(22.2%) depressione e 13(13.1%) sintomi ansioso-depressivi. L'ipertensione diastolica (OR=10.14, p<0.01) era associata al sesso maschile. TCI Reward Dependence (OR=0.67, p=0.04) e colesterolemia HDL (OR=0.94, p=0.02) erano inversamente associati al sesso maschile. Conclusioni: Sono state rilevate diverse differenze di genere, suggerendo la potenziale utilità di differenziare strategie preventive e diagnostiche per i due sessi. STUDIO IV – Scopo: Misurare il ruolo di markers infiammatori e metaboliti della KP nella comorbilità tra sintomi ansioso-depressivi e SM. Metodi: La concentrazione sierica di PCR, IL-6 e dei metaboliti della KP è stata misurata con cromatografia liquida. Risultati: I pazienti con SM (vs. senza SM) avevano una diversa distribuzione di vari metaboliti della KP. Alla regressione multipla, PCR (p<0.01) e 3-idrossi-chinurenina (p<0.01) erano associati a sintomi depressivi. Conclusioni: I dati suggeriscono che le citochine infiammatorie e i metaboliti della KP sono coinvolti in SM, ansia e depressione. Conclusioni generali: Sono stati raccolti dati preliminari su un legame tra sintomi ansioso-depressivi e disturbi internistici-dismetabolici, suggerendo nuove prospettive per la prevenzione e il trattamento di queste condizioni.

COMORBILITA’ INTERNISTICHE E DISMETABOLICHE DELLA SINTOMATOLOGIA ANSIOSO-DEPRESSIVA SECONDO UNA PROSPETTIVA PSICO-NEURO-IMMUNO-ENDOCRINOLOGICA (PNEI) / Giulia Rioli , 2022 Sep 30. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

COMORBILITA’ INTERNISTICHE E DISMETABOLICHE DELLA SINTOMATOLOGIA ANSIOSO-DEPRESSIVA SECONDO UNA PROSPETTIVA PSICO-NEURO-IMMUNO-ENDOCRINOLOGICA (PNEI)

RIOLI, GIULIA
2022

Abstract

Background and General Aim: Anxious and depressive symptoms are the most common emotional disorders in outpatients, frequently co-occuring with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and colorectal adenomas (CRAs). Studies on their comorbidity, mostly conducted on inpatients, reported conflicting findings. According to a psycho-neuro-immuno-endocrinological (PNEI) approach, chronic inflammation and dysregulation of the Kynurenine (KYN) Pathway (KP) could represent the trait d'union between these conditions. Description of the studies: STUDY I – Aim: To measure prevalence and association of anxious-depressive symptoms with MetS and its components among primary care patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Among 210 primary care outpatients, 84(40%) had anxiety, 30(14.29%) had depression and 26(12.38%) had anxious-depressive symptoms. 66 patients (31.43%) had MetS. Symptoms of anxiety were inversely associated to employment (OR=0.28, p=0.04) and positively to waist circumference (OR=2.07, p=0.03); both depressive (OR=0.17, p<0.01) and anxious-depressive symptoms (OR=0.20, p<0.01) were inversely associated to education level. Conclusion: A positive association was found between waist circumference, key component of MetS, and anxiety, suggesting the need to clinically manage them in a coordinated way. STUDY II – Aim: To assess prevalence and associations between anxious-depressive symptoms, MetS, CRAs and inflammatory markers in outpatients according to a PNEI view. Methods: Cross-sectional study. CRAs, MetS, anxious-depressive symptoms, personality traits and inflammatory markers were measured in outpatients undergoing colonoscopy. Results: Among 62 patients (50% men), 45.2% had CRAs and 41.9% MetS. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were detected in 16(32.7%) and 9(18.4%) subjects. CRAs correlated to male sex (r=0.32; p=0.01), age (r=0.34, p<0.01), IL-6 (r=0.31; p=0.03) and MetS (r=0.28; p=0.03). MetS correlated to age (r=0.32; p<0.001) and IL-6 (r=0.37; p<0.01). Conclusions: Our data suggest a link among a proinflammatory status, some psychological traits and metabolic parameters. STUDY III – Aim: To explore gender differences in a sample of outpatients undergoing colonoscopy for screening procedures. Methods: MetS was assessed according to ATPIII and IDF criteria. For the psychometric assessment HADS and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were used. Results: Among 126 outpatients (51.6% male), 51(44%) had CRAs, 54(47%) MetS, 41(41.4%) anxiety, 22(22.2%) depression and 13(13.1%) anxious-depressive symptoms. Diastolic hypertension (OR=10.14, p<0.01) was directly associated to male sex. TCI Reward Dependence (OR=0.67, p=0.04) and HDL (OR=0.94, p=0.02) were inversely associated to male sex. Conclusions: Several gender differences were detected, suggesting the need to implement different preventive and diagnostic strategies in both sexes. STUDY IV – Aim: To explore the role of inflammatory cytokines and KP metabolites in the comorbidity between anxious-depressive symptoms and MetS. Methods: Serum concentration of CRP, IL-6 and KP metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography. Results: Among 126 subjects, MetS (vs. non MetS) patients had different distribution of several KP metabolites. At the regression analysis, CRP (p<0.01) and 3-hydroxy-KYN (p<0.01) were associated to depressive symptoms.Conclusions: Collected data suggest that inflammatory cytokines and KP metabolites are involved in MetS, anxiety and depression. Overall Conclusions: Preliminary data were collected about a link between anxious-depressive symptoms and internal-dysmetabolic disorders, suggesting new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.
INTERNAL AND DYSMETABOLIC COMORBIDITIES OF ANXIOUS-DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY ACCORDING TO A PSYCHO-NEURO-IMMUNO-ENDOCRINOLOGICAL (PNEI) PERSPECTIVE
30-set-2022
GALEAZZI, Gian Maria
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