Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases with a major health impact worldwide. Their economic and social burden results from a decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and increased costs of health care. Without appropriate approaches to patient management and control of these diseases, this impact can be expected to increase as the population ages. Challenges in studying rheumatic diseases lie in achieving accurate epidemiological data and making efforts to obtain significant progress in terms of early diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients. Section A: Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in patients over 50 years old. Extra-cranic large vessel involvement (LVI) has emerged in recent decades, especially with the development of new imaging tools such as PET-TC, MR-Angiography (MRA) and CT-Angiography (CTA). It is unknown, however, how effective these methods are for assessing disease activity while patients are under treatment. GCA treatment is mainly based on long term use of corticosteroids (GCs). Tocilizumab has recently been approved for the treatment of GCA. However, it is often use in combination with GCs, with subsequent high risk of side effects. Starting from these considerations, we underwent a monocentric observational study to evaluate clinical and functional/morphological imaging variations in a series of patients with GCA treated with ultra-short corticosteroids (GCs) and tocilizumab (TCZ) s.c. We also evaluated effectiveness and safety of TCZ monotherapy as a maintenance treatment in GCA. In our preliminary results, radiologic tools seem to be useful methods for assessing disease activity in GCA patients during treatment. TCZ demonstrated a good safety profile in patients with GCA, however its potential effect in stabilize or resolve large vessels inflammation without the concomitant use of GCs has yet to be demonstrated in large randomized clinical trials. Section B: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, affecting 0.5%-1% of the population worldwide. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common and serious complication of lung involvement in RA. All the available studies about the prevalence of ILD in AR are retrospective, with small series of patients and numerous biases, and therefore not reliable. Moreover, this complication is often underrated, particularly in its earliest stages. An early diagnosis is challenging, and the increase of the opportunities to diagnose ILD could improve the quality of life of patients and decrease the mortality and the high utilization of healthcare resources. Although lung involvement represents the second cause of death in RA patients, there are no randomized screening approaches or management guidelines. Several therapeutic agents have been suggested for the treatment of RA-ILD, but nowadays there are no randomized controlled clinical trials to support therapeutic guidelines and treatment of RA-ILD is still based on empirical approaches. In this background, aims of this study project were: -to review the current literature on the treatment of ILD in RA patients and discuss the unsolved problems regarding this challenging patient cohort, even suggesting a framework for their management and analyzing the evolution of RA-ILD in patients treated with tocilizumab and abatacept; -to investigate the usefulness of detecting velcro crackle in lung sounds by analyze them using a suitably developed algorithm, as an early screening of RA-ILD; -to perform an international prospective multicenter observational study to evaluate incidence and prevalence of ILD in patients with RA.
Le patologie reumatiche autoimmuni sono malattie croniche con un importante impatto sanitario in tutto il mondo. Il loro impatto economico e sociale deriva da una diminuzione della qualità della vita, dalla perdita di produttività e dall'aumento dei costi dell'assistenza sanitaria. Senza approcci adeguati alla gestione dei pazienti e al controllo di queste malattie, ci si può aspettare che questo impatto aumenti con il progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione. Attualmente, per alcune patologie reumatiche, mancano ancora accurati dati epidemiologici e rimane la necessità di progressi significativi in termini di diagnosi precoce, trattamento e gestione dei pazienti. Sezione A: L'arterite a cellule giganti (GCA) è la forma più comune di vasculite nei pazienti di età superiore ai 50 anni. Negli ultimi decenni molta attenzione è stata data al coinvolgimento extracranico dei grandi vasi, in particolare dopo lo sviluppo di nuovi strumenti di imaging come PET-TC, angio-RM (MRA) e angio-TC (CTA). Non è noto, tuttavia, quanto queste metodiche siano efficaci per valutare l'attività della malattia durante la terapia. Il trattamento della GCA si basa principalmente sull'uso a lungo termine di glucocorticosteroidi (GC). Tocilizumab è stato recentemente approvato per il trattamento della GCA, tuttavia viene spesso utilizzato in combinazione con GC, con conseguente alto rischio di effetti collaterali. Partendo da queste considerazioni, abbiamo realizzato uno studio osservazionale monocentrico per valutare le variazioni cliniche e di imaging in una serie di pazienti con GCA trattati con glucocorticosteroidi (GCs) per breve periodo e tocilizumab (TCZ) s.c. Abbiamo inoltre valutato l'efficacia e la sicurezza della monoterapia con TCZ come trattamento di mantenimento nella GCA. I nostri risultati preliminari hanno dimostrato che le tecniche di imaging sembrano essere utili nel valutare l'attività della malattia nei pazienti con GCA durante il trattamento. TCZ in monoterapia ha dimostrato un buon profilo di sicurezza nei pazienti con GCA, tuttavia il suo potenziale effetto nello stabilizzare o risolvere l'infiammazione dei grandi vasi senza l'uso concomitante di GC deve ancora essere dimostrato in ampi studi clinici randomizzati. Sezione B: L'artrite reumatoide (AR) è una malattia infiammatoria cronica che colpisce lo 0,5%-1% della popolazione mondiale. L’interstiziopatia polmonare (ILD) è la forma di coinvolgimento polmonare più comune dell'AR. Tutti gli studi disponibili sulla prevalenza di ILD in AR sono retrospettivi, con piccole serie di pazienti e numerosi bias, e quindi non affidabili. La diagnosi precoce rimane un essenziale ma difficile obiettivo clinico, in quanto l'aumento delle opportunità di diagnosticare l'ILD potrebbe migliorare la qualità della vita dei pazienti e diminuire la mortalità e l'elevato utilizzo delle risorse sanitarie. Sebbene il coinvolgimento polmonare rappresenti la seconda causa di morte nei pazienti con AR, non esistono approcci di screening randomizzati o linee guida di gestione di tale complicanza. Diversi agenti terapeutici sono stati suggeriti per il trattamento della RA-ILD, attualmente però non esistono studi clinici controllati randomizzati che supportino solide linee guida terapeutiche. In questo contesto, gli obiettivi di questo progetto di studio sono: -effettuare una revisione della letteratura e dello stato dell’arte sul trattamento dell'ILD nei pazienti con AR e discuterne i problemi irrisolti, anche suggerendo una proposta per la loro gestione clinica e analizzando l'evoluzione dell'RA-ILD nei pazienti trattati con tocilizumab e abatacept; -indagare l'utilità di uno strumento di screening tramite la rilevazione dei crepitii polonari a velcro e la loro analisi mediante un algoritmo opportunamente sviluppato; - eseguire uno studio osservazionale multicentrico prospettico internazionale per valutare l'incidenza e la prevalenza di ILD in pazienti con AR.
Caratteristiche cliniche e nuovi orizzonti diagnostico-terapeutici delle vasculiti dei grandi vasi e della interstiziopatia polmonare secondaria ad artrite reumatoide / Giulia Cassone , 2022 Sep 30. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.
Caratteristiche cliniche e nuovi orizzonti diagnostico-terapeutici delle vasculiti dei grandi vasi e della interstiziopatia polmonare secondaria ad artrite reumatoide.
Cassone, Giulia
2022
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases with a major health impact worldwide. Their economic and social burden results from a decreased quality of life, lost productivity, and increased costs of health care. Without appropriate approaches to patient management and control of these diseases, this impact can be expected to increase as the population ages. Challenges in studying rheumatic diseases lie in achieving accurate epidemiological data and making efforts to obtain significant progress in terms of early diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients. Section A: Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in patients over 50 years old. Extra-cranic large vessel involvement (LVI) has emerged in recent decades, especially with the development of new imaging tools such as PET-TC, MR-Angiography (MRA) and CT-Angiography (CTA). It is unknown, however, how effective these methods are for assessing disease activity while patients are under treatment. GCA treatment is mainly based on long term use of corticosteroids (GCs). Tocilizumab has recently been approved for the treatment of GCA. However, it is often use in combination with GCs, with subsequent high risk of side effects. Starting from these considerations, we underwent a monocentric observational study to evaluate clinical and functional/morphological imaging variations in a series of patients with GCA treated with ultra-short corticosteroids (GCs) and tocilizumab (TCZ) s.c. We also evaluated effectiveness and safety of TCZ monotherapy as a maintenance treatment in GCA. In our preliminary results, radiologic tools seem to be useful methods for assessing disease activity in GCA patients during treatment. TCZ demonstrated a good safety profile in patients with GCA, however its potential effect in stabilize or resolve large vessels inflammation without the concomitant use of GCs has yet to be demonstrated in large randomized clinical trials. Section B: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, affecting 0.5%-1% of the population worldwide. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the most common and serious complication of lung involvement in RA. All the available studies about the prevalence of ILD in AR are retrospective, with small series of patients and numerous biases, and therefore not reliable. Moreover, this complication is often underrated, particularly in its earliest stages. An early diagnosis is challenging, and the increase of the opportunities to diagnose ILD could improve the quality of life of patients and decrease the mortality and the high utilization of healthcare resources. Although lung involvement represents the second cause of death in RA patients, there are no randomized screening approaches or management guidelines. Several therapeutic agents have been suggested for the treatment of RA-ILD, but nowadays there are no randomized controlled clinical trials to support therapeutic guidelines and treatment of RA-ILD is still based on empirical approaches. In this background, aims of this study project were: -to review the current literature on the treatment of ILD in RA patients and discuss the unsolved problems regarding this challenging patient cohort, even suggesting a framework for their management and analyzing the evolution of RA-ILD in patients treated with tocilizumab and abatacept; -to investigate the usefulness of detecting velcro crackle in lung sounds by analyze them using a suitably developed algorithm, as an early screening of RA-ILD; -to perform an international prospective multicenter observational study to evaluate incidence and prevalence of ILD in patients with RA.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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