Selenium status and immunity

Selenium is found at the active centre of twenty-five selenoproteins which have a variety of roles, including the well-characterised function of antioxidant defense, but it also is claimed to be involved in the immune system. However, due to limited and conflicting data for different parameters of immune function, intakes of selenium that have an influence on immune function are uncertain. This review covers the relationship between selenium and immune function in man, focusing on the highest level of evidence, namely that generated by randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in which the effect of selective administration of selenium, in foods or a supplement, on immune function was assessed. A total of nine RCTs were identified from a systematic search of the literature, and some of these trials reported effects on T and NK cells, which were dependent on the dose and form of selenium administered, but little effect of selenium on humoral immunity. There is clearly a need to undertake dose-response analysis of cellular immunity data in order to derive quantitative relationships between selenium intake and measures of immune function. Overall, limited effects on immunity emerged from experimental studies in humans, though additional investigation on the potential influence of selenium status on cellular immunity appears to be warranted.