Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are derived from post-thymic lymphoid cells at different stages of differentiation with diverse morphological patterns, phenotypes, and clinical presentation. PTCLs account for 10–15% of all lymphoproliferative disorders in the Western hemisphere, with an overall incidence of 0.5–2/100,000 people/year, and have a striking epidemiological distribution, with higher incidence in Asia. The exceeding rarity (5–10% of all lymphoproliferative disorders) and the heterogeneity of PTCLs has made extremely difficult to investigate on them, and a satisfactory understanding of their clinical pictures, response to treatment and prognosis are still awaited. More commonly they appeared in male patients, and the median age at diagnosis is 62 years. In the last 2016 WHO classification there are more than 20 subtypes of PTLC, where the most common subtypes are PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS; 25.9%), angioimmunoblastic (AITL; 18.5%), NKTCL (10.4%), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) 9.6%, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK positive (6.6%) and ALCL, ALK negative (5.5%). PTCLs are associated with high relapse rates and a poor prognosis compared to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a 5-year-survival rate less than 40%. Objectives: In 2018, the International T-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group launched the T-cell Project 2.0 (TCP 2.0), which adapts to changes made in diagnosis, classification, staging and response evaluation, in order to verify whether a prospective collection of data would allow to achieve more accurate information on T-cell lymphomas and search for more disease oriented prognostic models. In particular, the aim of the TCP 2.0 relied on the opportunity of contributing to a real-time understanding of the evolving landscape of T-cell lymphoma biology and treatment, together with the application of recently available new technologies to further identify new therapeutic targets. Methods: Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PTCLs according to the WHO2016 classification and satisfying inclusion criteria have been prospectively registered at a dedicated website via secure HTTP protocols, and followed for up to 5 years. Two-year Progression free survival was chosen as primary end point. Results. Since the beginning of the study on May 2018, 738 patients with newly diagnosed PTCL were registered by 93 active centers across 14 countries. Of these data on, 694 cases have been validated by the centralized trial office. Overall, PTCL-NOS, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-negative, and Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), represent the most frequent subtypes, accounting on 31%, 19% and 13% of cases, respectively. Moreover, PTCL-NOS represents the most frequent subtype worldwide, whereas Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was more frequent in Brazil, AITL and ALCL ALK-negative in Australia/India, and ALCL ALK-positive in North America and Europe. Of note, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, was relatively frequent in Brazil and quite rare in the other Latin America Countries. Finally, many sub-types represent less than 5% of cases in all geographic areas. Conclusions. The TCP2.0 continues to recruit very well, despite the difficulties linked to the COVD-19 pandemic, and represent a powerful source of data for better assessing the clinical relevance of the 2016 WHO Classification, the role of FDG-PET in staging and response assessment, the prognosis of different entities, the genomic landscape of different subtypes, and to investigate on the most adequate treatment strategies for these neoplasms in the real-world setting.

Introduzione. I linfomi a cellule T periferiche (PTCL) sono un gruppo raro ed eterogeneo di neoplasie che hanno origine dalle cellule linfoidi post-timiche a diversi stadi di differenziazione. Differiscono tra di loro per caratteristiche morfologiche e fenotipiche, per la presentazione clinica, la risposta alle terapie e la prognosi. I PTCL rappresentano il 10-15% di tutti i disturbi linfoproliferativi nell'emisfero occidentale, con un'incidenza complessiva di 0,5-2 casi x100.000 persone/anno. La rarità ed eterogeneità dei PTCL ha reso estremamente difficile la loro conoscenza, e la ricerca è tuttora concentrata ad una maggiore comprensione del decorso clinico, della risposta al trattamento e della prognosi dei pazienti che ricevono una diagnosi di questo tipo. I PTCL colpiscono con maggiore frequenza i soggetti di sesso maschile, e l'età media alla diagnosi è di 62 anni. Secondo l’ultima classificazione dei linfomi pubblicata dalla nel 2016 (WHO2016) si possono distinguere più di 20 dversi sottotipi di PTCL, dei quali quelli più comuni sono: PTCL non altrimenti specificato (NOS; 25,9%), angioimmunoblastico (AITL; 18,5%), il linfoma nasale extranodale a cellule NK/T (ENKTCL; 10,4%), a cellule T dell'adulto leucemia/linfoma (ATLL; 9,6%), linfoma anaplastico a grandi cellule ALK positivo (ALCL, ALK+; 6,6%) e ALK negativo (ALCL, ALK-; 5,5%). Rispetto ai linfomi non-Hodgkin a cellule B, i PTCL sono associati a scarsa risposta alla terapia iniziale, ad alti tassi di recidiva e ad una prognosi sfavorevole, con un tasso di sopravvivenza a 5 anni inferiore al 40%. Metodi: Il T-cell Project 2.0 è uno studio prospettico prognostico internazionale di casi di PTCL di nuova diagnosi, che soddisfano i criteri di eleggibilità previsti da protocollo. E’ previsto l’arruolamento di 1.000 pazienti. I casi sono registrati su una piattaforma dedicata, e seguiti fino a 5 anni dalla diagnosi. L’endpoint primario dello studio è la sopravvivenza libera da progressione a due anni (2-year progression-free survival). Risultati. Da Maggio 2018 a Settembre 2021 sono stati registrati 738 casi da parte di 93 centri attivi in 14 Paesi, in 5 Continenti. Di questi, 694 casi sono risultati attualmente valutabili per l’endpoint primario. Da una analisi preliminare, i sottotipi più frequenti sono risultati essere il PTCL-NOS, il linfoma anaplastico a grandi cellule (ALCL) ALK-negativo e il linfoma angioimmunoblastico a cellule T (AITL), che rappresentano rispettivamente il 31%, il 19% e il 13% dei casi. Più in dettaglio, i PTCL-NOS rappresentano il sottotipo più frequente in tutte le arre geografiche, mentre la leucemia/linfoma a cellule T dell'adulto risulta la più frequente in Brasile, i sottotipi AITL e ALCL ALK-negativi in Australia/India e gli ALCL ALK-positivi in Nord America ed Europa. Inoltre, si è registrata una frequenza relativamente alta di casi di linfoma extranodale a cellule NK/T in Brasile, ma non negli altri Paesi dell'America Latina. I restanti sottotipi infine rappresentano meno del 5% dei casi in tutte le aree geografiche. Conclusioni. Data la rarità dei linfomi a cellule T periferiche, il T-cell Project 2.0, nato da una collaborazione internazionale, rappresenta una importante fonte di dati, che fotografano la prognosi e la curabilità di queste malattie nella Real Lyfe. Il TCP2 inoltre consentirà di meglio valutare la rilevanza clinica della Classificazione WHO2016, approfondire il ruolo della PET nella stadiazione e nella valutazione della risposta, e infine indagare sulle strategie di trattamento più adeguate per queste neoplasie.

T-CELL PROJECT: IL VALORE DEI REGISTRI LINFOMI A CELLULE T PERIFERICHE / Tetiana Skrypets , 2022 May 27. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

T-CELL PROJECT: IL VALORE DEI REGISTRI LINFOMI A CELLULE T PERIFERICHE

SKRYPETS, TETIANA
2022

Abstract

Background: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that are derived from post-thymic lymphoid cells at different stages of differentiation with diverse morphological patterns, phenotypes, and clinical presentation. PTCLs account for 10–15% of all lymphoproliferative disorders in the Western hemisphere, with an overall incidence of 0.5–2/100,000 people/year, and have a striking epidemiological distribution, with higher incidence in Asia. The exceeding rarity (5–10% of all lymphoproliferative disorders) and the heterogeneity of PTCLs has made extremely difficult to investigate on them, and a satisfactory understanding of their clinical pictures, response to treatment and prognosis are still awaited. More commonly they appeared in male patients, and the median age at diagnosis is 62 years. In the last 2016 WHO classification there are more than 20 subtypes of PTLC, where the most common subtypes are PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS; 25.9%), angioimmunoblastic (AITL; 18.5%), NKTCL (10.4%), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) 9.6%, anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK positive (6.6%) and ALCL, ALK negative (5.5%). PTCLs are associated with high relapse rates and a poor prognosis compared to B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a 5-year-survival rate less than 40%. Objectives: In 2018, the International T-cell non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group launched the T-cell Project 2.0 (TCP 2.0), which adapts to changes made in diagnosis, classification, staging and response evaluation, in order to verify whether a prospective collection of data would allow to achieve more accurate information on T-cell lymphomas and search for more disease oriented prognostic models. In particular, the aim of the TCP 2.0 relied on the opportunity of contributing to a real-time understanding of the evolving landscape of T-cell lymphoma biology and treatment, together with the application of recently available new technologies to further identify new therapeutic targets. Methods: Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PTCLs according to the WHO2016 classification and satisfying inclusion criteria have been prospectively registered at a dedicated website via secure HTTP protocols, and followed for up to 5 years. Two-year Progression free survival was chosen as primary end point. Results. Since the beginning of the study on May 2018, 738 patients with newly diagnosed PTCL were registered by 93 active centers across 14 countries. Of these data on, 694 cases have been validated by the centralized trial office. Overall, PTCL-NOS, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) ALK-negative, and Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), represent the most frequent subtypes, accounting on 31%, 19% and 13% of cases, respectively. Moreover, PTCL-NOS represents the most frequent subtype worldwide, whereas Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was more frequent in Brazil, AITL and ALCL ALK-negative in Australia/India, and ALCL ALK-positive in North America and Europe. Of note, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, was relatively frequent in Brazil and quite rare in the other Latin America Countries. Finally, many sub-types represent less than 5% of cases in all geographic areas. Conclusions. The TCP2.0 continues to recruit very well, despite the difficulties linked to the COVD-19 pandemic, and represent a powerful source of data for better assessing the clinical relevance of the 2016 WHO Classification, the role of FDG-PET in staging and response assessment, the prognosis of different entities, the genomic landscape of different subtypes, and to investigate on the most adequate treatment strategies for these neoplasms in the real-world setting.
THE T-CELL PROJECT: VALUE AND RELEVANCE OF THE T-CELL LYMPHOMA REGISTRIES
27-mag-2022
FEDERICO, Massimo
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