Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) represents a long-term effective treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). STN-DBS allows a stable improvement of motor complications, tremor and rigidity with a less relevant effect on axial symptoms (i.e. gait and balance symptoms, speech and swallowing troubles) and cognitive decline, which are the main causes of long-term disability. Many studies have analysed axial symptoms in PD patients with an instrumental approach focusing only on gait and postural alterations or speech disturbances. The very few studies that have instrumentally assessed the whole spectrum of axial symptoms in PD have showed the presence of similarities between spatial-temporal gait and speech parameters. Anatomopathological data have confirmed that the neurodegeneration of central dopaminergic pathways, considered the hallmark of PD, is accompanied by a contemporary involvement of other neurotransmitter pathways (i.e. cholinergic, serotoninergic). Prevalent involvement of cholinergic system is associated with a clinical “cholinergic” phenotype dominated by axial symptoms, early cognitive deterioration and cerebral Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Objectives - To compare the efficacy of STN-DBS and levodopa on axial symptoms. - To evaluate the correlation between axial symptoms, cognitive alterations and brain Aβ deposition in a cohort of PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS. - To assess the evolution over time of axial symptoms. - To evaluate the influence of anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact on axial symptoms. Methods Retrospectively clinical and instrumental data from 30 PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS from January 2012 to December 2018 were collected. Each patient has been reevaluated three to seven years after surgery: axial symptoms have been studied applying a standardized clinical-instrumental approach with the contemporary analysis of speech, gait and postural parameters. Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Each patient has been studied in different stimulation and drug conditions: preoperative off-medication and on-medication conditions; postoperative on-stimulation/off-medication, off-stimulation/off-medication and on-stimulation/on-medication conditions (single and dual task). Each patient underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment and a [18F]flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET). The anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact will be calculated merging postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through a dedicated planning software. Results 25 patients were recruited from September 2019 to October 2021. Comparing the three postoperative conditions, both stimulation alone and the combination of stimulation and medications led to an improvement of motor score and gait parameters. Both stimulation and levodopa had an heterogenous effect on speech. Seven patients undergone [18F] flutemetamol PET and only in one of them brain Aβ deposition was detected. The complete neuropsychological assessment was performed in 13 patients: in 8 of them a clear worsening of cognitive function was found compared to the preoperative values while in the remaining five patients the assessment was comparable to the preoperative evaluation. Conclusions Even if in a preliminary analysis, our data highlights that STN-DBS could improve motor scores and gait parameters in the long-term after surgery, with mixed effect on speech parameters. Cognitive worsening was variable within the group. More data are needed for the evaluation of the possible correlation between brain Aβ deposition and axial and cognitive alterations.

Introduzione La stimolazione cerebrale profonda del nucleo subtalamico (STN-DBS) rappresenta un trattamento efficace a lungo termine nella malattia di Parkinson (MP) in fase avanzata. La STN-DBS consente un miglioramento duraturo di complicanze motorie, tremore e rigidità tuttavia con un effetto ridotto sui sintomi assiali (disturbi del cammino, dell'equilibrio, dell’eloquio e della deglutizione) e declino cognitivo, che rappresentano le principali cause di disabilità a lungo termine. Molti studi hanno analizzato i sintomi assiali nella MP con un approccio strumentale focalizzato unicamente su alterazioni del cammino o dell’eloquio. Dati anatomopatologici hanno confermato che la neurodegenerazione delle vie dopaminergiche centrali, considerata il segno distintivo del MP, è accompagnata da un coinvolgimento di altre vie neurotrasmettitoriali (colinergiche, serotoninergiche). Il coinvolgimento prevalente del sistema colinergico si assocerebbe ad un fenotipo clinico "colinergico" dominato da sintomi assiali, alterazioni cognitive e deposizione di amiloide-β (Aβ) cerebrale. Obiettivi - Confrontare l'efficacia della STN-DBS e della levodopa sui sintomi assiali in una coorte di pazienti affetti da MP sottoposti a STN-DBS bilaterale. - Valutare la correlazione tra sintomi assiali, alterazioni cognitive e deposizione di Aβ cerebrale. - Valutare l'evoluzione dei sintomi assiali nel tempo. - Valutare l'influenza della localizzazione anatomica del contatto attivo STN-DBS sui sintomi assiali. Metodi Sono stati raccolti retrospettivamente dati clinici e strumentali di 30 pazienti con MP sottoposti ad STN-DBS bilaterale da gennaio 2012 a dicembre 2018. Ogni paziente è stato rivalutato da tre a sette anni dopo l'intervento: i sintomi assiali sono stati studiati con un approccio clinico-strumentale standardizzato analizzando contemporaneamente i parametri di eloquio, cammino e posturali. La gravità di malattia è stata valutata con la Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Ogni paziente è stato studiato in diverse condizioni di stimolazione e farmaco: condizioni preoperatorie off-farmaco e on-farmaco; condizioni postoperatorie on-stimolazione/off-farmaco, off-stimolazione/off-farmaco e on-stimolazione/on-farmaco (single e dual-task). Ogni paziente è stato sottoposto ad una valutazione neuropsicologica e una tomografia a emissione di positroni (PET) con [18F]flutemetamolo. La posizione anatomica del contatto attivo sarà calcolata fondendo la tomografia computerizzata postoperatoria con la risonanza magnetica preoperatoria attraverso un software dedicato. Risultati 25 pazienti sono stati reclutati da settembre 2019 a ottobre 2021. Confrontando le tre condizioni postoperatorie, sia la sola stimolazione che la combinazione di stimolazione e levodopa hanno portato a un miglioramento dei punteggi motori e del cammino. Sia la stimolazione che la levodopa hanno avuto un effetto eterogeneo sull’eloquio. Sette pazienti sono stati sottoposti a PET con [18F] flutemetamolo e solo in uno di essi è stata rilevata la deposizione di Aβ cerebrale. La valutazione neuropsicologica è stata eseguita in 13 pazienti: in 8 di essi è stato riscontrato un netto peggioramento della funzione cognitiva rispetto al preoperatorio mentre nei restanti 5 pazienti la valutazione è risultata paragonabile alla valutazione preoperatoria. Conclusioni Anche se parte di un'analisi preliminare, i dati raccolti evidenziano come l’STN-DBS possa migliorare i punteggi motori ed i parametri del cammino a lungo termine dopo l'intervento, con effetti eterogenei sui parametri dell’eloquio. Il peggioramento cognitivo è risultato variabile all'interno del gruppo. Sono necessari ulteriori dati per la valutazione della possibile correlazione tra deposizione di Aβ cerebrale e alterazioni assiali e cognitive.

STUDIO SULL'ASSOCIAZIONE TRA SINTOMI ASSIALI, ALTERAZIONI COGNITIVE, VARIABILI CLINICO-STRUMENTALI DELLA FUNZIONE MOTORIA E DEPOSIZIONE DI BETA-AMILOIDE CEREBRALE IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA MALATTIA DI PARKINSON SOTTOPOSTI AD INTERVENTO DI STIMOLAZIONE CEREBRALE PROFONDA DEL NUCLEO SUBTALAMICO / Francesco Cavallieri , 2022 May 27. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

STUDIO SULL'ASSOCIAZIONE TRA SINTOMI ASSIALI, ALTERAZIONI COGNITIVE, VARIABILI CLINICO-STRUMENTALI DELLA FUNZIONE MOTORIA E DEPOSIZIONE DI BETA-AMILOIDE CEREBRALE IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA MALATTIA DI PARKINSON SOTTOPOSTI AD INTERVENTO DI STIMOLAZIONE CEREBRALE PROFONDA DEL NUCLEO SUBTALAMICO

Cavallieri, Francesco
2022

Abstract

Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) represents a long-term effective treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). STN-DBS allows a stable improvement of motor complications, tremor and rigidity with a less relevant effect on axial symptoms (i.e. gait and balance symptoms, speech and swallowing troubles) and cognitive decline, which are the main causes of long-term disability. Many studies have analysed axial symptoms in PD patients with an instrumental approach focusing only on gait and postural alterations or speech disturbances. The very few studies that have instrumentally assessed the whole spectrum of axial symptoms in PD have showed the presence of similarities between spatial-temporal gait and speech parameters. Anatomopathological data have confirmed that the neurodegeneration of central dopaminergic pathways, considered the hallmark of PD, is accompanied by a contemporary involvement of other neurotransmitter pathways (i.e. cholinergic, serotoninergic). Prevalent involvement of cholinergic system is associated with a clinical “cholinergic” phenotype dominated by axial symptoms, early cognitive deterioration and cerebral Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Objectives - To compare the efficacy of STN-DBS and levodopa on axial symptoms. - To evaluate the correlation between axial symptoms, cognitive alterations and brain Aβ deposition in a cohort of PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS. - To assess the evolution over time of axial symptoms. - To evaluate the influence of anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact on axial symptoms. Methods Retrospectively clinical and instrumental data from 30 PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS from January 2012 to December 2018 were collected. Each patient has been reevaluated three to seven years after surgery: axial symptoms have been studied applying a standardized clinical-instrumental approach with the contemporary analysis of speech, gait and postural parameters. Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Each patient has been studied in different stimulation and drug conditions: preoperative off-medication and on-medication conditions; postoperative on-stimulation/off-medication, off-stimulation/off-medication and on-stimulation/on-medication conditions (single and dual task). Each patient underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment and a [18F]flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET). The anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact will be calculated merging postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through a dedicated planning software. Results 25 patients were recruited from September 2019 to October 2021. Comparing the three postoperative conditions, both stimulation alone and the combination of stimulation and medications led to an improvement of motor score and gait parameters. Both stimulation and levodopa had an heterogenous effect on speech. Seven patients undergone [18F] flutemetamol PET and only in one of them brain Aβ deposition was detected. The complete neuropsychological assessment was performed in 13 patients: in 8 of them a clear worsening of cognitive function was found compared to the preoperative values while in the remaining five patients the assessment was comparable to the preoperative evaluation. Conclusions Even if in a preliminary analysis, our data highlights that STN-DBS could improve motor scores and gait parameters in the long-term after surgery, with mixed effect on speech parameters. Cognitive worsening was variable within the group. More data are needed for the evaluation of the possible correlation between brain Aβ deposition and axial and cognitive alterations.
STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AXIAL SYMPTOMS, COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, CLINICAL-INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES OF MOTOR FUNCTION AND BRAIN AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDE DEPOSITION IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE PATIENTS WITH BILATERAL SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
27-mag-2022
BIAGINI, Giuseppe
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