As a floodplain in which complex human–water systems with dynamic behaviors were established, the Po Plain is considered a key area for the interpretation of long-term relationship between human populations and the environment because of the strategic location between the Mediterranean and continental Europe. This research focuses on the ambitious aim of investigating local and regional environmental changes that occurred in the Po River floodplain as a twofold result of climate changes and human actions during the Holocene. To reach the goal, three terrestrial cores were drilled in the Central Po Plain at different distances from the Terramara S. Rosa di Poviglio, which has been investigated for more than 35 years thanks to the archaeological excavation directed by Maria Bernabò Brea, Mauro Cremaschi and, and in recent years, Andrea Zerboni. All authorizations to carry out the excavation and sampling has been released by the SABAP-BO (MiC) to the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio” of the Università degli Studi di Milano. The cores were included in the SUCCESSO-TERRA Project (PRIN-20158KBLNB; P.I. M. Cremaschi, A. Zerboni – Università degli Studi di Milano). Concerning the different distances from the archaeological site at which the cores were drilled, it has been decided to name the sequences PVG N-S3 (Near-S3), PVG C-S1 (Central-S1) and PVG F-S2 (Far-S2). Pollen samples were taken throughout the depth of the cores but only the N-S3 core was analysed entirely (77 samples), while palynological analysis of the other cores was carried out for more recent levels according to the focus of the detection of vegetation changes during the Holocene (90 and 28 samples were analysed for the C-S1 and the F-S2 core, respectively). Problems with the reliability of radiocarbon dates influenced by the reservoir effect was attested. Chronology is still in a preliminary stage and will be updated soon with Optically Stimulated Luminescence and possible correlations with other cores in the study area. Four main pollen zones describing events and flora and vegetation transformations were identified according to the cluster analysis and visual examination. Pollen spectra show consistent trends and possible correlations throughout the three cores with a long-term picture of large-scale vegetation changes. At the same time, the collection of the three cores at short distances from each other offers the great opportunity to investigate different features and local variations, among which the main evidence is the decrease in anthropogenic pressure at a greater distance from the settlement. Different statistical elaborations (Principal Component Analysis and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares) have provided consistent results which contributed positively to the discussion of the detailed information from pollen data. MCR-ALS has never been applied in Palynology and the results obtained reveal the potential of this method for palynological investigations. The application of statistical methods for quantitative reconstruction of vegetation from pollen data have been deepened at the University of Bergen (Norway). According to the stratigraphy and the possible comparison with the main reference pollen records for the study area, the bottom of the cores could be probably intercepted most of the Lateglacial. Climatic events and the human footprint are certainly reflected in the pollen spectra as part of a single complex dynamic system, from times when climate and ecosystem dynamics were the main factors of vegetation changes to others in which human populations play an increasingly important role with a permanent and extensive impact on the environment up to the current condition.

La Pianura Padana ha fatto da teatro a complesse relazioni dinamiche tra uomo ed ecosistema fluviale che sono le basi di una vera e propria rivoluzione culturale, sicuramente favorita dalla posizione strategica di questo territorio posto tra il Mediterraneo e l'Europa continentale. Questa ricerca si pone l'ambizioso obiettivo di indagare i cambiamenti ambientali avvenuti nella pianura alluvionale del fiume Po durante l'Olocene, come conseguenza di fattori climatici e azioni antropiche che hanno modificato il territorio a scala locale e regionale. A tal fine, tre carotaggi terrestri sono stati eseguiti a diverse distanze dalla Terramara S. Rosa di Poviglio, indagata da oltre 35 anni grazie a numerose campagne di scavo dirette da M. Bernabò Brea, M. Cremaschi, e negli ultimi anni A. Zerboni. Tutte le autorizzazioni allo scavo e al campionamento sono state concesse dal SABAP-BO (MiC) al Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio” dell'Università degli Studi di Milano. I carotaggi sono stati inclusi nel progetto SUCCESSO-TERRA (PRIN-20158KBLNB; coord. M. Cremaschi, A. Zerboni - Università degli Studi di Milano). I carotaggi sono stati nominati PVG N-S3 (Near-S3), PVG C-S1 (Central-S1) e PVG F-S2 (Far-S2) in accordo con le diverse distanze di campionamento dal sito archeologico. Campioni pollinici sono stati prelevati lungo tutte le carote ma solo la N-S3 è stata analizzata interamente (77 campioni), mentre l'analisi palinologica delle altre sequenze è stata effettuata sui livelli più recenti secondo l’obiettivo di indagare i cambiamenti della vegetazione durante l'Olocene (90 e 28 campioni rispettivamente per C-S1 e F-S2). La cronologia è ancora in una fase preliminare, alcune date al radiocarbonio sono state rifiutate per problemi di sovrastima riferibili all’effetto serbatoio, e presto sarà implementata con luminescenza otticamente stimolata e possibili correlazioni con altre sequenze campionate nell'area di studio. Quattro zone polliniche sono state identificate in accordo con i risultati della cluster analysis e all'analisi visiva delle curve polliniche. Gli spettri pollinici ottenuti forniscono una dettagliata immagine dei cambiamenti della vegetazione su larga scala grazie alla presenza di caratteristiche coerenti e possibili correlazioni lungo tutte le sequenze. Allo stesso tempo, il campionamento dei tre carotaggi a breve distanza l'uno dall'altro permette di indagare evidenze locali, tra cui la principale è la diminuzione della pressione antropica a maggiore distanza dall'insediamento. Diverse elaborazioni statistiche (Principal Component Analysis and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares) hanno contribuito positivamente alla discussione delle informazioni ottenute dai dati pollinici. L’analisi multivariata MCR-ALS non è mai stata applicata in Palinologia e i risultati ottenuti rivelano le potenzialità di questo metodo per indagini palinologiche. L'applicazione di metodi statistici per la ricostruzione quantitativa della vegetazione da dati pollinici è stata approfondita presso l'Università di Bergen (Norvegia). In accordo con la stratigrafia e il confronto con le principali sequenze polliniche di riferimento per l'area di studio, i livelli più profondi delle carote intercettano probabilmente la maggior parte del Tardoglaciale. Gli eventi climatici e impronta ecologica dell'influenza umana sull’ecosistema si riflettono sicuramente negli spettri pollinici come parte di un unico complesso sistema dinamico, da tempi in cui le dinamiche climatiche ed ecosistemiche erano i principali fattori dei cambiamenti della vegetazione ad altri in cui l’impatto delle popolazioni umane ha un ruolo sempre più permanente ed esteso sull'ambiente fino alla condizione attuale.

Cambiamento climatico e impatto antropico su lunga scala temporale: analisi palinologica di depositi della Pianura Padana centrale a partire dal Tardoglaciale / Eleonora Clo' , 2022 May 19. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

Cambiamento climatico e impatto antropico su lunga scala temporale: analisi palinologica di depositi della Pianura Padana centrale a partire dal Tardoglaciale

CLO', ELEONORA
2022

Abstract

As a floodplain in which complex human–water systems with dynamic behaviors were established, the Po Plain is considered a key area for the interpretation of long-term relationship between human populations and the environment because of the strategic location between the Mediterranean and continental Europe. This research focuses on the ambitious aim of investigating local and regional environmental changes that occurred in the Po River floodplain as a twofold result of climate changes and human actions during the Holocene. To reach the goal, three terrestrial cores were drilled in the Central Po Plain at different distances from the Terramara S. Rosa di Poviglio, which has been investigated for more than 35 years thanks to the archaeological excavation directed by Maria Bernabò Brea, Mauro Cremaschi and, and in recent years, Andrea Zerboni. All authorizations to carry out the excavation and sampling has been released by the SABAP-BO (MiC) to the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio” of the Università degli Studi di Milano. The cores were included in the SUCCESSO-TERRA Project (PRIN-20158KBLNB; P.I. M. Cremaschi, A. Zerboni – Università degli Studi di Milano). Concerning the different distances from the archaeological site at which the cores were drilled, it has been decided to name the sequences PVG N-S3 (Near-S3), PVG C-S1 (Central-S1) and PVG F-S2 (Far-S2). Pollen samples were taken throughout the depth of the cores but only the N-S3 core was analysed entirely (77 samples), while palynological analysis of the other cores was carried out for more recent levels according to the focus of the detection of vegetation changes during the Holocene (90 and 28 samples were analysed for the C-S1 and the F-S2 core, respectively). Problems with the reliability of radiocarbon dates influenced by the reservoir effect was attested. Chronology is still in a preliminary stage and will be updated soon with Optically Stimulated Luminescence and possible correlations with other cores in the study area. Four main pollen zones describing events and flora and vegetation transformations were identified according to the cluster analysis and visual examination. Pollen spectra show consistent trends and possible correlations throughout the three cores with a long-term picture of large-scale vegetation changes. At the same time, the collection of the three cores at short distances from each other offers the great opportunity to investigate different features and local variations, among which the main evidence is the decrease in anthropogenic pressure at a greater distance from the settlement. Different statistical elaborations (Principal Component Analysis and Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares) have provided consistent results which contributed positively to the discussion of the detailed information from pollen data. MCR-ALS has never been applied in Palynology and the results obtained reveal the potential of this method for palynological investigations. The application of statistical methods for quantitative reconstruction of vegetation from pollen data have been deepened at the University of Bergen (Norway). According to the stratigraphy and the possible comparison with the main reference pollen records for the study area, the bottom of the cores could be probably intercepted most of the Lateglacial. Climatic events and the human footprint are certainly reflected in the pollen spectra as part of a single complex dynamic system, from times when climate and ecosystem dynamics were the main factors of vegetation changes to others in which human populations play an increasingly important role with a permanent and extensive impact on the environment up to the current condition.
Climate change and human impact in a long-term perspective: Palynology of Central Po Plain deposits since the Lateglacial
19-mag-2022
MERCURI, Anna Maria
CREMASCHI, Mauro
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