Skin cancer incidence is very high and will remain high over next decades. Solar exposure to UVA and UVB radiation is the main cause of these diseases. Thus, use, empowerment and research of new sunscreen products containing UV filters is a fundamental topic for the future of material and biological sciences. The use of UV filters in sunscreen formulation, is still associated with several problems. Ideally, a UV filter should be photostable and should convert light into heat or other forms of energy once the radiation is absorbed. Nevertheless, if the molecule is photoreactive, it can degrade in other entities of unknown toxicity both for human health and for the environment. Filter molecule stability depends also on the interaction with other elements in the final formulation that can, on one hand, improve the product efficiency, on the other, induce photo-allergic reactions. Much effort has therefore been invested in developing stabilizing sunscreens. All these issues, suggested the idea that zeolites could function as host for filter molecules, hold degradation products and control water resistance. Recently, organic/inorganic hybrid materials were obtained and are now currently used in strategic areas such as biomedical sciences and as drug carrier. Zeolite properties will allow choosing the most suitable structures to host different UV filters with different vehicle composition. This thesis concerns the preparation and characterization of microporous materials with innovative functional properties for UV absorption. Zeolites with framework topology MOR, FAU, LTL, MFI and with different chemical composition (i.e. high- and low-silica forms) will be employed to encapsulate octinoxate and avobenzone UV filters. The obtained hybrid systems are referred to as ZEOfilters. ZEOfilters were deeply characterized by Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis, UV-visible Spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Synchrotron-X-ray Powder Diffraction. Moreover, the safety of ZEOfilters will be evaluated with skin permeation tests, solar exposure tests, and leaching tests into simulated seawater. The systems based on cationic zeolites (low-silica forms) display improved UV spectral features compared to those of bare filters. This is especially true for LTL and FAU frameworks. Conversely, ZEOfilters obtained with high-silica zeolites display absorption bands in the visible-light range and a reduced UV-absorption. All ZEOfilters demonstrated high stability under UV exposure and a low leaching rate in simulated marine water. Also, permeability test performed with Franz Cell system revealed that the filter encapsulation hinders the dispersion of the filters in and through the skin. ZEOfilters display spectral features strongly depending on the zeolite/filter system. Some of the investigated materials display enhanced UV protection power also compared to bare UV filters, and are thus a promising and ecofriendly alternative for the future development of UV protections.

L’incidenza dei tumori della pelle è stata alta negli ultimi decenni, e rimarrà probabilmente alta nel prossimo futuro. La principale causa di tali patologie è l’eccessiva esposizione alla radiazione UV solare. Perciò lo sviluppo e l’impiego di filtri solari sono un argomento chiave delle scienze dei materiali e biomediche. L’impiego di filtri UV organici nelle formulazioni solari presenta ancora diverse problematiche. Un filtro UV dovrebbe dissipare l’energia assorbita dalla radiazione trasformandola, e.g., in calore, senza che il filtro degradi o perda efficacia. Tuttavia, spesso i filtri UV degradano durante l’irraggiamento, formando fotoprodotti di tossicità spesso ignota per l’uomo e l’ambiente. La stabilità dei filtri UV è strettamente legata dagli altri componenti della formulazione che possono aumentarne la stabilità, ma anche comportare l’insorgenza di reazioni allergiche nella pelle. Perciò, numerosi sforzi sono stati compiuti per produrre filtri UV stabili e sicuri. Queste problematiche hanno suggerito l’uso delle zeoliti per incapsulare le molecole-filtro, in modo da prevenirne il rilascio e trattenere eventuali fotoprodotti. Di recente, ibridi organico/inorganico sono stati impiegati con successo in applicazioni biomediche e come vettori di farmaci. Le proprietà delle zeoliti permettono di selezionare le strutture idonee ad ospitare differenti filtri UV in differenti formulazioni. Questa tesi riguarda la produzione e caratterizzazione di materiali microporosi avanzati per l’assorbimento della radiazione UV. Due filtri UV (octinoxate e avobenzone) sono stati incapsulati in zeoliti con topologie MOR, FAU, LTL, e MFI, e composizioni chimiche diverse (alluminosilicatiche e silicatiche). Gli ibridi così ottenuti (ZEOfiltri) sono stati caratterizzati con Analisi Elementare, Termogravimetria, Spettroscopia UV-vis, Spettroscopia FTIR, e Diffrazione a Raggi X da Polveri con Luce di Sincrotrone. La sicurezza degli ZEOfiltri è stata valutata mediante test di permeazione in vitro con Cella di Franz, test di irraggiamento con simulatore solare, e test di rilascio in acqua di mare simulata. Gli ibridi prodotti con zeoliti alluminosilicatiche (in particolare LTL e FAU) mostrano un assorbimento maggiore nell’UV rispetto ai filtri originali. Al contrario, gli ZEOfiltri ottenuti da zeoliti silicatiche mostrano bande di assorbimento nel visibile e un ridotto assorbimento nell’UV. Tutti gli ZEOfiltri hanno un’alta stabilità sotto irraggiamento UV, e un ridotto rilascio della molecola in acqua marina. I test di permeazione mostrano che l’incapsulamento del filtro UV nelle zeoliti previene il passaggio della molecola attraverso la pelle e limita il suo accumulo nella pelle. Gli ZEOfiltri mostrano proprietà filtranti fortemente dipendenti dalla combinazione zeolite/filtro. I materiali più promettenti mostrano proprietà migliori anche dei filtri originali, e sono dunque promettenti per lo sviluppo di filtri solari più sicuri ed ecocompatibili.

Ibridi Zeolite/Filtri UV: la chiave per una protezione solare più sicura, efficace, ed ecosostenibile / Riccardo Fantini , 2022 May 19. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

Ibridi Zeolite/Filtri UV: la chiave per una protezione solare più sicura, efficace, ed ecosostenibile

FANTINI, RICCARDO
2022

Abstract

Skin cancer incidence is very high and will remain high over next decades. Solar exposure to UVA and UVB radiation is the main cause of these diseases. Thus, use, empowerment and research of new sunscreen products containing UV filters is a fundamental topic for the future of material and biological sciences. The use of UV filters in sunscreen formulation, is still associated with several problems. Ideally, a UV filter should be photostable and should convert light into heat or other forms of energy once the radiation is absorbed. Nevertheless, if the molecule is photoreactive, it can degrade in other entities of unknown toxicity both for human health and for the environment. Filter molecule stability depends also on the interaction with other elements in the final formulation that can, on one hand, improve the product efficiency, on the other, induce photo-allergic reactions. Much effort has therefore been invested in developing stabilizing sunscreens. All these issues, suggested the idea that zeolites could function as host for filter molecules, hold degradation products and control water resistance. Recently, organic/inorganic hybrid materials were obtained and are now currently used in strategic areas such as biomedical sciences and as drug carrier. Zeolite properties will allow choosing the most suitable structures to host different UV filters with different vehicle composition. This thesis concerns the preparation and characterization of microporous materials with innovative functional properties for UV absorption. Zeolites with framework topology MOR, FAU, LTL, MFI and with different chemical composition (i.e. high- and low-silica forms) will be employed to encapsulate octinoxate and avobenzone UV filters. The obtained hybrid systems are referred to as ZEOfilters. ZEOfilters were deeply characterized by Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis, UV-visible Spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and Synchrotron-X-ray Powder Diffraction. Moreover, the safety of ZEOfilters will be evaluated with skin permeation tests, solar exposure tests, and leaching tests into simulated seawater. The systems based on cationic zeolites (low-silica forms) display improved UV spectral features compared to those of bare filters. This is especially true for LTL and FAU frameworks. Conversely, ZEOfilters obtained with high-silica zeolites display absorption bands in the visible-light range and a reduced UV-absorption. All ZEOfilters demonstrated high stability under UV exposure and a low leaching rate in simulated marine water. Also, permeability test performed with Franz Cell system revealed that the filter encapsulation hinders the dispersion of the filters in and through the skin. ZEOfilters display spectral features strongly depending on the zeolite/filter system. Some of the investigated materials display enhanced UV protection power also compared to bare UV filters, and are thus a promising and ecofriendly alternative for the future development of UV protections.
Zeolite-Encapsulated UV-filters: the key for more safe, effective and ecofriendly sunscreens
19-mag-2022
ARLETTI, Rossella
VEZZALINI, Maria Giovanna
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278298
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