Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic lectin that interacts with different intracellular and extracellular proteins influencing numerous biological processes and it is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Although the topic of galectin has been extensively studied, it is still not completely elucidated, particularly with regard to the molecular mechanisms of the various activities in the intra- and extracellular space, and their relationship, as well as the associated regulatory cycle. Since it is well described that Gal-3 is widely distributed both in the developing and mature bone and that its expression is under control of the master regulator of bone growth RUNX2, it could suggest that Gal-3 may be a key player in all stages of bone metabolism. Many types of bone pathologies are strikingly related to severe damage inputs affecting the bone-associated tissues. In particular, it is well recognized that bone and muscle have recently been identified as endocrine organs, that secrete cytokines and chemokines, through which they interact each other to promote bone formation, repair and maintenance in the bone-muscle cross talk. For that, the general aim of our study was to define the role of muscle-derived Gal-3 on bone tissue and its possible involvement in skeletal muscle crosstalk. First, we found an increase of Gal- 3 expression during myogenic differentiation and recorded that it secreted in the culture medium. Next we investigated the effect of recombinant Gal-3, which mimics the extracellular Gal-3 secreted by muscle cells, during osteoblast differentiation, resulting in inhibition of osteogenesis. In order to identify the main classes of proteins modulated by Gal-3, we analyzed the entire proteome of differentiated osteoblasts in presence of recombinant Gal-3, through Mass Spectrometry. Afterwards we evaluate the signaling mechanisms downstream the extracellular Gal-3 stimulation, either with a protein array approach based on phosphorylated proteins or metabolic molecules involved in bone metabolism. Moreover, through an ECM Adhesion Array kit, we monitored the impact of Gal-3 on the ability of osteoblasts to interact with extracellular matrix proteins, evaluating specific cell surface Integrins and Adhesion molecules. Taken together, our findings show that extracellular Gal-3 negatively regulates bone regeneration inhibiting fundamental pathways such as AKT / mTor pathway or BMPs signaling. Finally, to demonstrated that these results are linked to extracellular galectin -3 produced by muscle cells, we performed co-colture experiment between myoblasts and osteoblasts in which Gal-3 of muscle cells has been silenced or overexpressed.
La galectina-3 (Gal-3) è una lectina pleiotropica che interagisce con diverse proteine intracellulari ed extracellulari influenzando numerosi processi biologici ed è coinvolta in diverse condizioni fisiologiche e patofisiologiche. Nonostante il tema della Gal-3 sia stato molto studiato, alcuni meccanismi d’azione rimangono ancora non completamente compresi tra cui i meccanismi molecolari nello spazio intra ed extracellulare e la relazione tra questi meccanismi, nonché il ciclo regolatorio ad essi associato. Poiché è ben descritto che la Gal-3 è ampiamente espressa sia nell'osso in via di sviluppo che in quello maturo e che la sua espressione è sotto il controllo del regolatore principale della crescita ossea RUNX2, ciò potrebbe suggerire che Gal-3 possa essere un attore chiave in tutte le fasi del metabolismo osseo. Inoltre, Molti tipi di patologie ossee sono sorprendentemente correlati a gravi danni che colpiscono i tessuti associati all'osso. In particolare, è ben noto che ossa e muscoli sono stati recentemente identificati come organi endocrini, che secernono citochine e chemochine, attraverso le quali interagiscono per promuovere la formazione, la riparazione e il mantenimento dell'osso nel cross talk muscolo-scheletrico. Per questo, l'obiettivo generale del nostro studio è stato quello di definire il ruolo di Gal-3 prodotta sul tessuto osseo e il suo possibile coinvolgimento nel cross-talk muscolo scheletrico. In primo luogo, abbiamo riscontrato un aumento dell'espressione di Gal-3 durante la differenziazione miogenica e verificata la sua secrezione nel terreno di coltura. Successivamente abbiamo studiato l'effetto della Gal-3 ricombinante, che imita la Gal-3 extracellulare secreta dalle cellule muscolari, durante la differenziazione degli osteoblasti, che risulta nell’inibizione dell'osteogenesi. Al fine di identificare le principali classi di proteine modulate da Gal-3, abbiamo analizzato l'intero proteoma di osteoblasti differenziati in presenza della Gal-3 ricombinante, mediante spettrometria di massa. Successivamente abbiamo valutato i meccanismi di segnalazione a valle della stimolazione extracellulare della Gal-3, con un approccio protein array basato sia su proteine fosforilate che su molecole metaboliche coinvolte nel metabolismo osseo. Inoltre, attraverso un ECM Adhesion Array, abbiamo monitorato l'impatto della Gal-3 sulla capacità degli osteoblasti di interagire con le proteine della matrice extracellulare, valutando integrine specifiche della superficie cellulare e molecole di adesione. Presi insieme, i nostri risultati mostrano che la Gal-3 extracellulare regola negativamente la rigenerazione ossea inibendo vie di segnalazione come AKT / mTor pathway o la segnalazione mediata dalle BMP. Infine, per dimostrare che questi risultati sono legati alla galectina -3 extracellulare prodotta dalle cellule muscolari, abbiamo eseguito esperimenti di co-coltura tra mioblasti e osteoblasti in cui la Gal-3 delle cellule muscolari è stata silenziata o overespressa.
Caratterizzazione della Galectina-3 nel crosstalk muscolo scheletrico / Emanuela Amore , 2022 May 23. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.
Caratterizzazione della Galectina-3 nel crosstalk muscolo scheletrico
AMORE, EMANUELA
2022
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a pleiotropic lectin that interacts with different intracellular and extracellular proteins influencing numerous biological processes and it is involved in different physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Although the topic of galectin has been extensively studied, it is still not completely elucidated, particularly with regard to the molecular mechanisms of the various activities in the intra- and extracellular space, and their relationship, as well as the associated regulatory cycle. Since it is well described that Gal-3 is widely distributed both in the developing and mature bone and that its expression is under control of the master regulator of bone growth RUNX2, it could suggest that Gal-3 may be a key player in all stages of bone metabolism. Many types of bone pathologies are strikingly related to severe damage inputs affecting the bone-associated tissues. In particular, it is well recognized that bone and muscle have recently been identified as endocrine organs, that secrete cytokines and chemokines, through which they interact each other to promote bone formation, repair and maintenance in the bone-muscle cross talk. For that, the general aim of our study was to define the role of muscle-derived Gal-3 on bone tissue and its possible involvement in skeletal muscle crosstalk. First, we found an increase of Gal- 3 expression during myogenic differentiation and recorded that it secreted in the culture medium. Next we investigated the effect of recombinant Gal-3, which mimics the extracellular Gal-3 secreted by muscle cells, during osteoblast differentiation, resulting in inhibition of osteogenesis. In order to identify the main classes of proteins modulated by Gal-3, we analyzed the entire proteome of differentiated osteoblasts in presence of recombinant Gal-3, through Mass Spectrometry. Afterwards we evaluate the signaling mechanisms downstream the extracellular Gal-3 stimulation, either with a protein array approach based on phosphorylated proteins or metabolic molecules involved in bone metabolism. Moreover, through an ECM Adhesion Array kit, we monitored the impact of Gal-3 on the ability of osteoblasts to interact with extracellular matrix proteins, evaluating specific cell surface Integrins and Adhesion molecules. Taken together, our findings show that extracellular Gal-3 negatively regulates bone regeneration inhibiting fundamental pathways such as AKT / mTor pathway or BMPs signaling. Finally, to demonstrated that these results are linked to extracellular galectin -3 produced by muscle cells, we performed co-colture experiment between myoblasts and osteoblasts in which Gal-3 of muscle cells has been silenced or overexpressed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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