The emergence of writing has changed the way we live, providing a tool for structuring thinking; transferring what is in memory to an external medium; dialoguing and debating with those who share the same culture and conventions. On the other hand, writing is not a simple task, especially for the beginner student: cognitively, because it requires knowing how to manage several processes and strategies; linguistically, because it is necessary to use several linguistic structures to maintain surface compactness and to ensure text continuity; socially, because it needs to adapt to the recipients. If writing is difficult for all learners, it's even more so for first or second-generation foreigners, whose presence is massive in many schools. For these reasons, the school environment is renewing its methods and proposals with an ever-greater push. This research focuses on one of these educational proposals: the project Osservare l'interlingua (Observing interlanguage). The area of intervention is language education, with a particular focus on writing. The Project was born in 2007 to promote an active, inclusive, and difference-respectful education, so that everyone can acquire the necessary strategies to communicate effectively. In the early years, the Project's activities were aimed only at multilingual pupils, to encourage their linguistic and affective inclusion. Subsequently, the educational objectives were extended to entire classes, to propose even more inclusive and participatory activities. The proposed educational paths, combining the interlanguage approach to language teaching with the principles of cooperative learning and process writing, educate students to perceive writing as an active and ingenious process, to acquire responsibility towards classwork and more abilities in communicating with classmates. The Project not only aims to linguistic development but also refers to transversal objectives, such as the setting up of positive and motivated attitudes towards writing and the construction of a serene and welcoming class climate and good relationships between students. Given both Project’s linguistic and transversal objectives, this research aims to analyze the effects this has produced on classes that have experienced it over a long period (from three to five years). The sample includes experimental classes (five 5th grade and two 8th grade classes) and control classes (four 5th grade and two 8th grade classes), for a total of 226 students. The groups were compared on writing quality, attitudes and motivation towards writing, and class well-being and cohesion. The instruments used were narrative texts written by the students (analyzed through holistic and analytical procedures), four self-perception questionnaires (three on motivation and writing and one on class belonging and well-being), and a sociometric questionnaire (analyzed through structural indices of Social Network Analysis). Given that the Project promotes students' inclusion from its very beginning, the data were analyzed in three formats: whole groups, multilingual students only (active speakers of one or more languages besides Italian), and monolingual students only (Italian-only speakers). The intention is to observe whether the results achieved in entire classes reappear in the two separate subgroups, particularly the multilingual pupils, and to understand if the Project’s methodology is effective in reducing inequalities and generating inclusion.

La nascita della scrittura ha cambiato il modo in cui viviamo, fornendoci uno strumento per concretizzare il pensiero; trasferire in un supporto esterno ciò che c’è in memoria; dialogare e dibattere con chi condivide la nostra cultura e convenzioni. D’altra parte, scrivere non è compito semplice, specialmente per lo studente principiante: cognitivamente, perché richiede di saper gestire diversi processi e strategie; linguisticamente, perché è necessario utilizzare diverse strutture linguistiche per mantenere compattezza di superficie e assicurare continuità al testo; socialmente, perché necessita di un adeguamento ai destinatari. Se la scrittura è difficile per tutti gli apprendenti, lo è di più per gli alunni stranieri di prima o seconda generazione, la cui presenza è massiccia in numerose classi. Per questi motivi, il mondo della scuola si sta attivando con spinta sempre maggiore per rinnovare i propri metodi e proposte. Questa ricerca si concentra su una di queste proposte educative: il progetto Osservare l’interlingua. L’ambito d’intervento è l’educazione linguistica, con particolare attenzione alla scrittura. Il Progetto nasce nel 2007 con l’intento di promuovere una didattica attiva, inclusiva e rispettosa delle differenze, in modo tale che ognuno possa acquisire i mezzi necessari per comunicare efficacemente. Nei primi anni le attività si rivolgevano solo agli alunni multilingui, per favorire la loro inclusione sia linguistica che affettiva. Gli obiettivi didattici del Progetto si sono poi ampliati alle intere classi, in modo da proporre attività ancora più inclusive e partecipative. I percorsi didattici proposti, coniugando l’approccio dell’interlingua all’educazione linguistica con i principi del cooperative learning e del process writing, educano gli studenti a concepire la scrittura come un processo attivo e ingegnoso, ad acquisire più responsabilità verso il lavoro in classe e più dimestichezza nel comunicare con i compagni. Le finalità del Progetto non riguardano solo lo sviluppo linguistico, ma anche questioni trasversali all’apprendimento, come la creazione di atteggiamenti positivi e motivati verso la scrittura e la costruzione di un clima di classe sereno e accogliente e buoni rapporti tra studenti. Dati gli obiettivi sia linguistici che trasversali del Progetto, il fine della presente ricerca è analizzare gli effetti che questo ha apportato su classi che lo hanno vissuto e sperimentato per un lungo periodo (dai tre ai cinque anni). Il campione è composto da classi sperimentali (cinque quinte primarie e due terze secondarie di primo grado) e di controllo (quattro quinte primarie e due terze secondarie di primo grado), per un totale di 226 studenti. I gruppi sono stati confrontati su tre aspetti: qualità della scrittura, atteggiamenti e motivazione verso la scrittura e benessere e compattezza del gruppo classe. Gli strumenti utilizzati sono: testi narrativi scritti dagli studenti, poi analizzati attraverso procedure olistiche e analitiche; questionari di autopercezione (tre su motivazione e scrittura e uno su benessere e appartenenza al gruppo classe); questionari sociometrici, poi analizzati tramite indici strutturali propri dell’Analisi delle Reti Sociali. Dato l’obiettivo di inclusione perseguito dal Progetto fin dai primi anni di attività, i dati sono stati analizzati in tre formati: gruppi interi, soli alunni multilingui (parlanti attivi di una o più lingue oltre l’italiano) e soli alunni monolingui (conoscono e utilizzano solo l’italiano). L’intenzione è osservare se i risultati raggiunti a classi intere si ripropongono anche nei due raggruppamenti separati, in particolare nei multilingui, e comprendere se la metodologia del Progetto è efficace nel ridurre le disuguaglianze e generare inclusione.

Scrivere bene e con piacere e stare meglio insieme. Un’indagine sugli effetti linguistici e trasversali di un progetto di educazione linguistica su quinte primarie e terze secondarie di primo grado / Letizia Lazzaretti , 2022 May 24. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

Scrivere bene e con piacere e stare meglio insieme. Un’indagine sugli effetti linguistici e trasversali di un progetto di educazione linguistica su quinte primarie e terze secondarie di primo grado.

LAZZARETTI, LETIZIA
2022

Abstract

The emergence of writing has changed the way we live, providing a tool for structuring thinking; transferring what is in memory to an external medium; dialoguing and debating with those who share the same culture and conventions. On the other hand, writing is not a simple task, especially for the beginner student: cognitively, because it requires knowing how to manage several processes and strategies; linguistically, because it is necessary to use several linguistic structures to maintain surface compactness and to ensure text continuity; socially, because it needs to adapt to the recipients. If writing is difficult for all learners, it's even more so for first or second-generation foreigners, whose presence is massive in many schools. For these reasons, the school environment is renewing its methods and proposals with an ever-greater push. This research focuses on one of these educational proposals: the project Osservare l'interlingua (Observing interlanguage). The area of intervention is language education, with a particular focus on writing. The Project was born in 2007 to promote an active, inclusive, and difference-respectful education, so that everyone can acquire the necessary strategies to communicate effectively. In the early years, the Project's activities were aimed only at multilingual pupils, to encourage their linguistic and affective inclusion. Subsequently, the educational objectives were extended to entire classes, to propose even more inclusive and participatory activities. The proposed educational paths, combining the interlanguage approach to language teaching with the principles of cooperative learning and process writing, educate students to perceive writing as an active and ingenious process, to acquire responsibility towards classwork and more abilities in communicating with classmates. The Project not only aims to linguistic development but also refers to transversal objectives, such as the setting up of positive and motivated attitudes towards writing and the construction of a serene and welcoming class climate and good relationships between students. Given both Project’s linguistic and transversal objectives, this research aims to analyze the effects this has produced on classes that have experienced it over a long period (from three to five years). The sample includes experimental classes (five 5th grade and two 8th grade classes) and control classes (four 5th grade and two 8th grade classes), for a total of 226 students. The groups were compared on writing quality, attitudes and motivation towards writing, and class well-being and cohesion. The instruments used were narrative texts written by the students (analyzed through holistic and analytical procedures), four self-perception questionnaires (three on motivation and writing and one on class belonging and well-being), and a sociometric questionnaire (analyzed through structural indices of Social Network Analysis). Given that the Project promotes students' inclusion from its very beginning, the data were analyzed in three formats: whole groups, multilingual students only (active speakers of one or more languages besides Italian), and monolingual students only (Italian-only speakers). The intention is to observe whether the results achieved in entire classes reappear in the two separate subgroups, particularly the multilingual pupils, and to understand if the Project’s methodology is effective in reducing inequalities and generating inclusion.
Write well and with pleasure and feel better together. An investigation on linguistic and transversal effects of a language education project on fifth and eighth-grade classes.
24-mag-2022
PALLOTTI, Gabriele
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278100
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