The rise of English as a ‘global’ lingua franca has brought applied linguistic scholarship to question the tenets of English language teaching (ELT). In the expanding circle, the traditionally accepted English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) pedagogical model appears today outdated and possibly even obsolete. Before any changes in English language education can be confidently suggested it is important to understand the perceptions and the opinions of the ELT stakeholders. The importance of attitude studies related to the context of ELT has long been recognized and over the last two decades several such studies have investigated, with various foci, the teachers’ and learners’ attitudes towards English in educational contexts, revealing the high vitality of the native English norm. To date, most studies that examined the attitudes towards English of university students were conducted in specific ELT contexts and there is a need for further research that also involves students who do not specialize in English. This research consists of a study that investigates the attitudes towards English, English as a lingua franca (ELF) and English teaching of a population of students of three Departments of the Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia. The research has the objective of contributing to the task of assessing the established EFL models of English language pedagogy, and of pointing to possible future directions for both research in applied linguistics and ELT practitioners. In accordance with this objective, the following research questions were generated: 1. What are the students’ attitudes towards English? 2. What are their attitudes towards ELF? 3. What are the students’ opinions on the teaching of English? 4. Is an ELF-informed approach in tune with the students’ own perceived needs? The research method adopted for this study draws on folk linguistics and the direct approaches to the study of language attitudes. A mixed-methods approach was used for the collection of the data that integrated a structured questionnaire and semi-structured individual interviews. A total number of 254 questionnaire were collected and 28 valid interviews were conducted, between December 2019 and May 2020. The analysis of the data combined a qualitative and a quantitative technique, although with an emphasis on qualitative interpretation. The findings suggest a generalized favorable orientation towards English. By vast majority, the participants viewed English as a necessary tool for social inclusion and a gateway to future professional opportunities. Although the view that English belongs to the native English speakers from the inner circle was found to prevail, it nevertheless coexisted with an instrumental view of English as a de-territorialized and de-nativized tool that can be appropriated by the non-native speakers. The participants’ views on ELT revealed a prevailing orientation towards native English and a significant influence of native-speakerism and standard language ideology. However, the findings also demonstrated that ELF-aware instruction and especially training in linguistics influenced the students’ attitudes towards varieties of English, bringing them to question the image of a monolithic English, notions of ‘standard English’, and exclusive legitimacy of native-speaker norms. Pointing to a gap between the more traditional ways of EFL pedagogy and the realities of English in the out-of classroom, several interviewees were critical of ELT in their how country’s education system. The findings strongly suggest that there is a need to shift ELT practices in the Italian education system away from the traditional grammar translation (GT) method and support English learning with a solid training in linguistic theory.

L’ascesa dell’inglese come lingua franca globale ha portato la linguistica applicata a mettere in discussione i fondamenti dell’insegnamento dell’inglese (ELT). Nello “expanding circle”, i modelli ‘inglese lingua straniera’ (EFL) tradizionalmente accettati appaiono oggi superati. Prima ancora che possano essere suggeriti con sicurezza cambiamenti nell’insegnamento dell’inglese, è importante comprendere le percezioni e le opinioni di chi è coinvolto in prima persona. L’importanza degli studi sull’atteggiamento linguistico in contesti di ELT è da tempo riconosciuta, e negli ultimi due decenni diversi studi di questo tipo hanno indagato vari aspetti dell’atteggiamento di insegnanti e apprendenti nei confronti dell’inglese in contesti educativi, rivelando la grande vitalità delle norme native dell’inglese. Ad oggi, la maggior parte degli studi che hanno preso in esame l’atteggiamento verso l’inglese di studenti universitari sono stati condotti in specifici contesti di ELT e sono necessari ulteriori studi che coinvolgano anche studenti che non si specializzano in inglese. Questa ricerca consiste in uno studio che indaga l’atteggiamento verso l’inglese, l’inglese come lingua franca (ELF) e l’insegnamento dell’inglese di una popolazione di studenti di tre dipartimenti dell’Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia. La ricerca ha l’obiettivo di contribuire a valutare i modelli accettati EFL di insegnamento dell’inglese e di suggerire possibili indirizzi futuri sia a ricercatori in linguistica applicata sia a professionisti di ELT. Coerentemente con questo obiettivo, sono state generate le seguenti domande di ricerca: 1. Qual è l’atteggiamento degli studenti verso l’inglese? 2. Qual è l’atteggiamento degli studenti verso ELF? 3. Quali opinioni hanno gli studenti dell’insegnamento dell’inglese? 4. Un metodo aggiornato a ELF va incontro ai bisogni percepito dagli studenti? Il metodo adottato per questa ricerca attinge alla folk linguistics e ai metodi diretti di indagine sull’atteggiamento linguistico. Un metodo misto di raccolta dei dati ha integrato un questionario semi-strutturato e delle interviste non strutturate. Sono stati raccolti un totale di 254 questionari sono state condotte e 28 interviste valide, tra dicembre 2019 e maggio 2020. L’analisi dei dati ha combinato tecnica qualitativa e quantitativa, benché con un’enfasi sull’interpretazione qualitativa. I risultati suggeriscono in generale un orientamento positivo verso l’inglese. In larga maggioranza, i partecipanti percepivano l’inglese come uno strumento necessario all’inclusione sociale e una porta d’accesso a future opportunità professionali. Sebbene l’opinione che l’inglese appartiene ai parlanti nativi dello “inner circle” sia risultata prevalente, accanto ad essa coesisteva anche una concezione dell’inglese come strumento de-territorializzato e de-nativizzato di cui si possono appropriare anche i parlanti non nativi. Le opinioni dei partecipanti sullo ELT hanno dimostrato il prevalere di un orientamento verso le norme native dell’inglese e una significativa influenza di “native-speakerism” e ideologia della lingua standard. Tuttavia, i risultati hanno anche dimostrato che lo studio di ELF e della linguistica soprattutto, influenzano l’atteggiamento degli studenti verso le varietà di inglese, portandoli a mettere in discussione l’immagine di un inglese monolitico e l’idea di una legittimità esclusiva delle norme native. Indicando uno scarto tra i modi più tradizionali di insegnamento EFL e le realtà dell’inglese fuori da scuola, molti intervistati hanno criticato lo ELT nel sistema di istruzione italiano. I risultati suggeriscono la necessità di abbandonare il metodo tradizionale grammaticale-traduttivo e supportare l’apprendimento dell’inglese con una solida formazione in teoria linguistica.

Le opinioni e l’atteggiamento degli studenti verso l’inglese e l’inglese lingua franca in una università italiana / Marco Bagni , 2022 May 24. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.

Le opinioni e l’atteggiamento degli studenti verso l’inglese e l’inglese lingua franca in una università italiana.

BAGNI, MARCO
2022

Abstract

The rise of English as a ‘global’ lingua franca has brought applied linguistic scholarship to question the tenets of English language teaching (ELT). In the expanding circle, the traditionally accepted English-as-a-foreign language (EFL) pedagogical model appears today outdated and possibly even obsolete. Before any changes in English language education can be confidently suggested it is important to understand the perceptions and the opinions of the ELT stakeholders. The importance of attitude studies related to the context of ELT has long been recognized and over the last two decades several such studies have investigated, with various foci, the teachers’ and learners’ attitudes towards English in educational contexts, revealing the high vitality of the native English norm. To date, most studies that examined the attitudes towards English of university students were conducted in specific ELT contexts and there is a need for further research that also involves students who do not specialize in English. This research consists of a study that investigates the attitudes towards English, English as a lingua franca (ELF) and English teaching of a population of students of three Departments of the Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia. The research has the objective of contributing to the task of assessing the established EFL models of English language pedagogy, and of pointing to possible future directions for both research in applied linguistics and ELT practitioners. In accordance with this objective, the following research questions were generated: 1. What are the students’ attitudes towards English? 2. What are their attitudes towards ELF? 3. What are the students’ opinions on the teaching of English? 4. Is an ELF-informed approach in tune with the students’ own perceived needs? The research method adopted for this study draws on folk linguistics and the direct approaches to the study of language attitudes. A mixed-methods approach was used for the collection of the data that integrated a structured questionnaire and semi-structured individual interviews. A total number of 254 questionnaire were collected and 28 valid interviews were conducted, between December 2019 and May 2020. The analysis of the data combined a qualitative and a quantitative technique, although with an emphasis on qualitative interpretation. The findings suggest a generalized favorable orientation towards English. By vast majority, the participants viewed English as a necessary tool for social inclusion and a gateway to future professional opportunities. Although the view that English belongs to the native English speakers from the inner circle was found to prevail, it nevertheless coexisted with an instrumental view of English as a de-territorialized and de-nativized tool that can be appropriated by the non-native speakers. The participants’ views on ELT revealed a prevailing orientation towards native English and a significant influence of native-speakerism and standard language ideology. However, the findings also demonstrated that ELF-aware instruction and especially training in linguistics influenced the students’ attitudes towards varieties of English, bringing them to question the image of a monolithic English, notions of ‘standard English’, and exclusive legitimacy of native-speaker norms. Pointing to a gap between the more traditional ways of EFL pedagogy and the realities of English in the out-of classroom, several interviewees were critical of ELT in their how country’s education system. The findings strongly suggest that there is a need to shift ELT practices in the Italian education system away from the traditional grammar translation (GT) method and support English learning with a solid training in linguistic theory.
Students' Views and Attitudes Towards English and ELF in an Italian University.
24-mag-2022
POPPI, Franca
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