Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two clinical expressions of the same neurodegenerative continuum (FTD-ALS spectrum) with common underlying pathology and genetic background. Patients can present with pure behavioural/cognitive (FTD), pure motor (ALS) or mixed (FTD-ALS) forms. What determines the development of one rather than the other phenotype is unknown. However, it is common observation that patients’ personality differs between the phenotypes: ALS patients tend to display a prosocial behavior characterized by kindness and agreeableness; FTD patients tend to present with disinhibition, anti-social behaviors and lack of empathy. These traits are often described by patients’ relatives as having always characterized the patients’ personality. We therefore aimed at testing if FTD and ALS patients had different personality profiles in their premorbid life, with the hypothesis that premorbid personality reflects a specific vulnerability to damage of brain circuits related to social behavior or motor function. Method: We prospectively recruited consecutive eligible FTD and ALS patients presenting to our Neurology Clinics. Patients’ personality was assessed through the NEO Personality Inventory 3 (NEO-PI-3), which analyses the five main personality factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness). NEO-PI-3 was administered to patients’ caregivers with reference to the patient’s personality at two timepoints: at diagnosis and 15 years prior to symptoms onset. Patients also underwent MRI scan of the brain including High resolution T1-weighted and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) sequences. Imaging data were analyzed with FSL tools including voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and probabilistic independent component analysis (ICA). Result: 46 patients (30 FTD, 13 ALS, and 3 FTD-ALS assigned to the FTD group, based on their first symptom) were recruited. A significant difference in premorbid personality emerged in the Openness domain, showing that ALS patients had been more open to new experience, ideas and emotions than FTD patients (150 vs 133, p=0.020), even many years before symptoms onset. Also, a significant difference between groups emerged in the Extraversion domain, showing that ALS patients were characterized, in premorbid life, by higher sociability, loquacity, and optimism (150 vs 134, p = 0.006). The VBM analysis showed a positive correlation between premorbid Neuroticism and GM volume in the areas of left hippocampus-parahippocampal gyrus and left and right nucleus accumbens. In the between-group analysis of the previously identified RSNs, in the sensory-motor RSN ALS showed greater functional connectivity than both FTD and control subjects in the right motor cortex. In the salience RSN, controls and ALS showed increased functional connectivity compared to FTD in the right parietal lobe and in the cerebellum. In the correlation analysis between functional connectivity and premorbid personality scores, a negative correlation between FC in sensory-motor RSN and Extraversion and Openness emerged in FTD, conversely a trend to positive correlation emerged in the ALS group. Conclusion: premorbid personality profile differ in FTD and ALS patients in two domains, Openness and Extraversion, supporting the hypothesis that premorbid personality may represent a vulnerability marker to the development of behavioral or motor disturbances.

Background: la Demenza Frontotemporale (FTD) e la Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (ALS) sono considerati due fenotipi dello stresso continuum neurodegenerativo (lo spettro FTD-ALS) caratterizzato da un substrato patologico e genetico comune. I pazienti possono presentare forme cliniche “pure”, cognitivo/comportamentali (FTD) o motorie (ALS), o forme miste (FTD-ALS). I fattori che determinano lo sviluppo di uno fenotipo piuttosto che un altro sono attualmente sconosciuti. Tuttavia, alcune caratteristiche della personalità dei pazienti sono percepite dai terapeuti come ricorrenti in entrambi i fenotipi: i pazienti ALS tendono a mostrare un comportamento pro-sociale caratterizzato da gentilezza e gradevolezza; al contrario, i pazienti FTD presentano disinibizione, comportamenti antisociali e mancanza di empatia. Questi tratti sono spesso descritti dai congiunti come già presenti e strutturali della personalità del paziente, sebbene attenuati. Obiettivo del presente studio è indagare se pazienti con FTD e ALS siano caratterizzati da differenti profili di personalità nella loro vita premorbosa, con l'ipotesi che la personalità premorbosa rifletta una vulnerabilità specifica dei circuiti cerebrali legati al comportamento sociale e alla funzione motoria. Metodo: sono stati reclutati prospetticamente 46 pazienti (30 FTD, 13 ALS, e 3 FTD-ALS, questi ultimi assegnati al gruppo FTD sulla base del sintomo di presentazione). La personalità dei pazienti è stata valutata attraverso il NEO Personality Inventory 3 (NEO-PI-3), che analizza cinque fattori di personalità (nevroticismo, estroversione, apertura, gradevolezza, coscienziosità). Il NEO-PI-3 è stato somministrato ai familiari dei pazienti, chiedendone la compilazione in duplice copia, con riferimento alla personalità del paziente alla diagnosi e 15 anni prima dell'inizio dei sintomi, rispettivamente. I pazienti sono stati inoltre sottoposti a risonanza magnetica cerebrale (MRI), con acquisizione di sequenze T1 ad alta risoluzione e sequenze di risonanza magnetica funzionale a riposo (rsfMRI) per successive analisi di Voxel based morphometry (VBM) e Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (ICA), rispettivamente. Risultati: Una differenza significativa nella personalità premorbosa è emersa nel dominio Apertura, evidenziando come i pazienti ALS presentino maggiore apertura alle esperienze, idee ed emozioni rispetto ai pazienti FTD (150 vs 133, p=0.020), così come nel dominio dell'Estroversione, evidenziando come i pazienti ALS si siano caratterizzati, nella vita premorbosa, per maggiore socievolezza, loquacità e ottimismo (150 vs 134, p = 0,006). L'analisi di VBM ha mostrato una correlazione positiva tra il dominio di Nevroticismo premorboso e il volume GM nelle aree dell'ippocampo sinistro e del nucleo accumbens bilaterale. Nell'analisi tra gruppi dei resting state networks (RSNs) precedentemente identificati, il gruppo ALS ha mostrato una maggiore connettività funzionale (FC) rispetto ai soggetti FTD nel RSN sensori-motorio. Nel salience RSN, il gruppo ALS e il gruppo dei controlli hanno mostrato una maggiore FC rispetto alla FTD nel lobo parietale destro e nel cervelletto. Nell'analisi di correlazione tra FC e personalità premorbosa, nel gruppo FTD è emersa una correlazione negativa tra FC nel RSN sensori-motorio ed Estroversione e Apertura, al contrario nel gruppo ALS è emersa una tendenza alla correlazione positiva. Conclusione: il profilo di personalità premorbosa differisce nei pazienti FTD e ALS in due domini, Apertura ed Estroversione, sostenendo l'ipotesi che la personalità premorbosa possa rappresentare un marcatore di vulnerabilità allo sviluppo di disturbi comportamentali o motori.

Personalità premorbosa nello spettro Demenza Frontotemporale – Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (DFT-SLA): correlati comportamentali e di imaging cerebrale / Giulia Vinceti , 2022 Mar 30. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.

Personalità premorbosa nello spettro Demenza Frontotemporale – Sclerosi Laterale Amiotrofica (DFT-SLA): correlati comportamentali e di imaging cerebrale

VINCETI, GIULIA
2022

Abstract

Background: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are two clinical expressions of the same neurodegenerative continuum (FTD-ALS spectrum) with common underlying pathology and genetic background. Patients can present with pure behavioural/cognitive (FTD), pure motor (ALS) or mixed (FTD-ALS) forms. What determines the development of one rather than the other phenotype is unknown. However, it is common observation that patients’ personality differs between the phenotypes: ALS patients tend to display a prosocial behavior characterized by kindness and agreeableness; FTD patients tend to present with disinhibition, anti-social behaviors and lack of empathy. These traits are often described by patients’ relatives as having always characterized the patients’ personality. We therefore aimed at testing if FTD and ALS patients had different personality profiles in their premorbid life, with the hypothesis that premorbid personality reflects a specific vulnerability to damage of brain circuits related to social behavior or motor function. Method: We prospectively recruited consecutive eligible FTD and ALS patients presenting to our Neurology Clinics. Patients’ personality was assessed through the NEO Personality Inventory 3 (NEO-PI-3), which analyses the five main personality factors (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness). NEO-PI-3 was administered to patients’ caregivers with reference to the patient’s personality at two timepoints: at diagnosis and 15 years prior to symptoms onset. Patients also underwent MRI scan of the brain including High resolution T1-weighted and resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) sequences. Imaging data were analyzed with FSL tools including voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and probabilistic independent component analysis (ICA). Result: 46 patients (30 FTD, 13 ALS, and 3 FTD-ALS assigned to the FTD group, based on their first symptom) were recruited. A significant difference in premorbid personality emerged in the Openness domain, showing that ALS patients had been more open to new experience, ideas and emotions than FTD patients (150 vs 133, p=0.020), even many years before symptoms onset. Also, a significant difference between groups emerged in the Extraversion domain, showing that ALS patients were characterized, in premorbid life, by higher sociability, loquacity, and optimism (150 vs 134, p = 0.006). The VBM analysis showed a positive correlation between premorbid Neuroticism and GM volume in the areas of left hippocampus-parahippocampal gyrus and left and right nucleus accumbens. In the between-group analysis of the previously identified RSNs, in the sensory-motor RSN ALS showed greater functional connectivity than both FTD and control subjects in the right motor cortex. In the salience RSN, controls and ALS showed increased functional connectivity compared to FTD in the right parietal lobe and in the cerebellum. In the correlation analysis between functional connectivity and premorbid personality scores, a negative correlation between FC in sensory-motor RSN and Extraversion and Openness emerged in FTD, conversely a trend to positive correlation emerged in the ALS group. Conclusion: premorbid personality profile differ in FTD and ALS patients in two domains, Openness and Extraversion, supporting the hypothesis that premorbid personality may represent a vulnerability marker to the development of behavioral or motor disturbances.
Premorbid personality in the frontotemporal dementia – amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD-ALS) spectrum: behavioral and imaging correlates
30-mar-2022
ZAMBONI, Giovanna
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