This work of thesis deals with the mathematical modeling, control and simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. First, the classification and description of the main architectures for Hybrid Electric Vehicles are carried out, highlighting pros and cons of the different architectures. The modeling is performed exploiting the properties of the Power-Oriented Graphs modeling technique. Among all the involved physical elements, particular attention is given to the modeling of planetary gear sets, multilevel flying-capacitor converters and permanent magnet synchronous motors. As far as planetary gear sets are concerned, a systematic procedure has been developed for the systematic modeling of any planetary gear set using a unified approach. The proposed procedure allows to obtain two models of the system: a full elastic model, representing a more detailed modeling of the considered planetary gear set accounting for the gears elastic contact points, and a reduced-order model allowing to use fixed-step solvers with a larger simulation step size, which is more suitable for real-time execution. As for multilevel flying-capacitor converters, a compact model is proposed. Next, a robustness assessment when the converter is controlled using a classical minimum distance control is performed, and a new variable-step control strategy allowing to guarantee capacitors voltages balancing is proposed. For what concerns permanent magnet synchronous motors, a poweroriented model is proposed, together with its efficiency analysis based on which model parameters estimation can be performed starting from the motor efficiency map. Some Hybrid Electric Vehicle architectures in the agricultural and construction fields are then proposed as case studies, and a solution for the energy management problem is studied for all of them. Finally, simulation results for each Hybrid Electric Vehicle architecture are reported and commented in detail.
Questo lavoro di tesi tratta la modellistica matematica, il controllo e la simulazione di Veicoli Ibridi Elettrici. Innanzitutto, la classificazione e la descrizione delle principali architetture per Veicoli Ibridi Elettrici vengono effettuate, mettendo in evidenza vantaggi e svantaggi delle diverse architetture. La modellistica viene affrontata sfruttando le propriet`a della tecnica Power-Oriented Graphs. Fra tutti gli elementi fisici coinvolti, particolare attenzione viene data alla modellistica di planetary gear sets, convertitori multilivello flying-capacitor e motori sincroni a magneti permanenti. Per quanto riguarda le planetary gear sets, una procedura sistematica `e stata sviluppata per modellare qualunque planetary gear set utilizzando un approccio unificato. La procedura proposta consente di ottenere due modelli del sistema: un modello intero elastico, che fornisce una modellistica pi`u dettagliata della planetary gear set in esame prendendo in considerazione i punti di contatto elastici fra le ruote dentate, ed un modello ridotto che consente di utilizzare solutori a passo fisso con un passo di simulazione pi`u lungo, quest’ultimo pi`u adatto per l’esecuzione in tempo reale. Per quanto riguarda i convertitori multilivello flying-capacitor, un modello compatto viene proposto. Dopodich`e, una valutazione della robustezza del convertitore quando questo `e controllato utilizzando un controllo classico a minima distanza viene effettuata, ed una nuova tecnica di controllo che consente di mantenere le tensioni ai capi dei condensatori ai livelli desiderati viene proposta. Per quanto riguarda i motori sincroni a magneti permanenti, un modello power-oriented viene proposto, insieme ad un’analisi di efficienza grazie alla quale una stima dei parametri del modello pu`o essere effettuata partendo dalla mappa di efficienza del motore. Alcune architetture di Veicoli Ibridi Elettrici nei settori agricolo e delle costruzioni vengono poi proposte come casi studio, ed una soluzione per l’energy management problem viene studiata per ciascuna di esse. Infine, i risultati di simulazione per ciascuna architettura vengono riportati e commentati nel dettaglio.
Modellistica Matematica Controllo e Simulazione di Veicoli Ibridi Elettrici / Davide Tebaldi , 2022 Mar 25. 34. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2020/2021.
Modellistica Matematica Controllo e Simulazione di Veicoli Ibridi Elettrici
TEBALDI, DAVIDE
2022
Abstract
This work of thesis deals with the mathematical modeling, control and simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles. First, the classification and description of the main architectures for Hybrid Electric Vehicles are carried out, highlighting pros and cons of the different architectures. The modeling is performed exploiting the properties of the Power-Oriented Graphs modeling technique. Among all the involved physical elements, particular attention is given to the modeling of planetary gear sets, multilevel flying-capacitor converters and permanent magnet synchronous motors. As far as planetary gear sets are concerned, a systematic procedure has been developed for the systematic modeling of any planetary gear set using a unified approach. The proposed procedure allows to obtain two models of the system: a full elastic model, representing a more detailed modeling of the considered planetary gear set accounting for the gears elastic contact points, and a reduced-order model allowing to use fixed-step solvers with a larger simulation step size, which is more suitable for real-time execution. As for multilevel flying-capacitor converters, a compact model is proposed. Next, a robustness assessment when the converter is controlled using a classical minimum distance control is performed, and a new variable-step control strategy allowing to guarantee capacitors voltages balancing is proposed. For what concerns permanent magnet synchronous motors, a poweroriented model is proposed, together with its efficiency analysis based on which model parameters estimation can be performed starting from the motor efficiency map. Some Hybrid Electric Vehicle architectures in the agricultural and construction fields are then proposed as case studies, and a solution for the energy management problem is studied for all of them. Finally, simulation results for each Hybrid Electric Vehicle architecture are reported and commented in detail.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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