I present an analytical expression for the image intensity of a phase object visualized in Zernike phase contrast mode. The formula is valid for periodic and non-periodic weak and strong objects, and accounts for the effects of finite illumination. The expression provided is intended as a generalization of the standard reference formula given in the Born and Wolf [Principles of Optics, sixth ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1980, p. 427] textbook as well as of the formalism employed to evaluate imaging doses in Zernike mode [M. Malac, M. Beleggia, R. Egerton, Y. Zhu, Ultramicroscopy 108 (2008) 126]. 1 illustrate the usefulness of the improved expression by means of three examples: a sinusoidal phase grating, a Gaussian object, and a phase step. The optimal Zernike phase angle yielding maximum image contrast is found to be object-dependent and not necessarily equal to pi/2. Phase plate optimization criteria are derived and presented for two of the examples considered. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A formula for the image intensity of phase objects in Zernike mode / Beleggia, M. - In: ULTRAMICROSCOPY. - ISSN 0304-3991. - 108:9(2008), pp. 953-958. [10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.03.003]

A formula for the image intensity of phase objects in Zernike mode

Beleggia M
2008

Abstract

I present an analytical expression for the image intensity of a phase object visualized in Zernike phase contrast mode. The formula is valid for periodic and non-periodic weak and strong objects, and accounts for the effects of finite illumination. The expression provided is intended as a generalization of the standard reference formula given in the Born and Wolf [Principles of Optics, sixth ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1980, p. 427] textbook as well as of the formalism employed to evaluate imaging doses in Zernike mode [M. Malac, M. Beleggia, R. Egerton, Y. Zhu, Ultramicroscopy 108 (2008) 126]. 1 illustrate the usefulness of the improved expression by means of three examples: a sinusoidal phase grating, a Gaussian object, and a phase step. The optimal Zernike phase angle yielding maximum image contrast is found to be object-dependent and not necessarily equal to pi/2. Phase plate optimization criteria are derived and presented for two of the examples considered. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
2008
108
9
953
958
A formula for the image intensity of phase objects in Zernike mode / Beleggia, M. - In: ULTRAMICROSCOPY. - ISSN 0304-3991. - 108:9(2008), pp. 953-958. [10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.03.003]
Beleggia, M
File in questo prodotto:
Non ci sono file associati a questo prodotto.
Pubblicazioni consigliate

Licenza Creative Commons
I metadati presenti in IRIS UNIMORE sono rilasciati con licenza Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal, mentre i file delle pubblicazioni sono rilasciati con licenza Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY 4.0), salvo diversa indicazione.
In caso di violazione di copyright, contattare Supporto Iris

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1255400
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 21
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 18
social impact