Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging condition in general aging population and the most common cause of chronic liver disease. We hypothesized that NAFLD could be a significant determinant of frailty, in the context of a multisystemic nature of both these conditions. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the correlation between liver steatosis and significant fibrosis alone and in association (NAFLD with fibrosis) and frailty, as a measure of biological age, in PLWH. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic in 2018-2019. Patients with hazardous alcohol intake and viral hepatitis co-infection were excluded. Liver steatosis was diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), while liver fibrosis was diagnosed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM). NAFLD was defined as presence of liver steatosis (CAP≥248), while significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (stage ≥F2) as LSM>7.1 kPa. Frailty was assessed using a 36-Item frailty index (FI). Logistic regression was used to explore predictors of frailty using steatosis and fibrosis as covariates. Results We analyzed 707 PLWH (mean age 53.5 years, 76.2% males, median CD4 700 μL, 98.7% with undetectable HIV RNA). NAFLD with fibrosis was present in 10.2%; 18.9% and 3.9% of patients were classified as frail and most-frail, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that neurocognitive impairment (OR=5.1, 1.6-15), vitamin D insufficiency (OR=1.94, 1.2-3.2), obesity (OR=8.1, 4.4-14.6), diabetes (OR=3.2, 1.9-5.6) and osteoporosis (OR=0.37, 0.16-0.76) were significantly associated with NAFLD with fibrosis. Predictors of FI included : steatosis (OR=2.1, 1.3-3.5), fibrosis (OR=2, 1-3.7), NAFLD with fibrosis (OR=9.2, 5.2-16.8), diabetes (OR=1.7, 1-2.7) and multimorbidity (OR=2.5, 1.5-4). Conclusion Liver steatosis and NAFLD with fibrosis were associated with frailty. NAFLD with fibrosis exceeded multimorbidity in the prediction of frailty, suggesting the former as an indicator of metabolic age in PLWH.

Introduzione La steatosi epatica non alcolica (NAFLD) è diventata una condizione emergente nella popolazione generale che invecchia e la causa più comune di malattia epatica cronica. Abbiamo ipotizzato che NAFLD potrebbe essere un determinante significativo di fragilità, nel contesto di una natura multisistemica di entrambe queste condizioni. L'obiettivo dello studio era quello di indagare la correlazione tra steatosi epatica e fibrosi significativa da sola e in associazione (NAFLD con fibrosi) e fragilità, come misura dell'età biologica, in PLWH. Metodi Questo è stato uno studio cross-sectional su pazienti consecutivi che hanno frequentato la Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic nel 2018-2019. Sono stati esclusi i pazienti con assunzione pericolosa di alcol e co-infezione da epatite virale. La steatosi epatica è stata diagnosticata mediante il parametro di attenuazione controllata (CAP), mentre la fibrosi epatica è stata diagnosticata mediante misurazione della rigidità epatica (LSM). NAFLD è stata definita come presenza di steatosi epatica (CAP≥248), mentre fibrosi epatica significativa o cirrosi (stadio ≥F2) come LSM> 7,1 kPa. La fragilità è stata valutata utilizzando un indice di fragilità di 36 elementi (FI). La regressione logistica è stata utilizzata per esplorare i predittori di fragilità utilizzando la steatosi e la fibrosi come covariate. Risultati Abbiamo analizzato 707 PLWH (età media 53,5 anni, 76,2% maschi, CD4 mediano 700 μl, 98,7% con HIV RNA non rilevabile). NAFLD con fibrosi era presente nel 10,2%; Il 18,9% e il 3,9% dei pazienti sono stati classificati rispettivamente come fragili e più fragili. L'analisi univariata ha dimostrato che deterioramento neurocognitivo (OR = 5.1, 1.6-15), insufficienza di vitamina D (OR = 1.94, 1.2-3.2), obesità (OR = 8.1, 4.4-14.6), diabete (OR = 3.2, 1.9-5.6) e l'osteoporosi (OR = 0,37, 0,16-0,76) erano significativamente associati a NAFLD con fibrosi. I predittori di FI includevano: steatosi (OR = 2.1, 1.3-3.5), fibrosi (OR = 2, 1-3.7), NAFLD con fibrosi (OR = 9.2, 5.2-16.8), diabete (OR = 1.7, 1-2.7) e multimorbidità (OR = 2,5, 1,5-4). Conclusione La steatosi epatica e NAFLD con fibrosi erano associate a fragilità. La NAFLD con fibrosi ha superato la multimorbilità nella previsione della fragilità, suggerendo la prima come indicatore dell'età metabolica nella PLWH.

Relazioni chiave tra steatosi epatica, insulino-resistenza, diabete mellito, fragilità, terapia antiretrovirale basata sugli inibitori dell'integrasi e aumento di peso nelle persone che vivono con HIV / Jovana Milić , 2021 Sep 29. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.

Relazioni chiave tra steatosi epatica, insulino-resistenza, diabete mellito, fragilità, terapia antiretrovirale basata sugli inibitori dell'integrasi e aumento di peso nelle persone che vivono con HIV

MILIĆ, Jovana
2021

Abstract

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging condition in general aging population and the most common cause of chronic liver disease. We hypothesized that NAFLD could be a significant determinant of frailty, in the context of a multisystemic nature of both these conditions. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the correlation between liver steatosis and significant fibrosis alone and in association (NAFLD with fibrosis) and frailty, as a measure of biological age, in PLWH. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of consecutive patients attending Modena HIV Metabolic Clinic in 2018-2019. Patients with hazardous alcohol intake and viral hepatitis co-infection were excluded. Liver steatosis was diagnosed by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), while liver fibrosis was diagnosed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM). NAFLD was defined as presence of liver steatosis (CAP≥248), while significant liver fibrosis or cirrhosis (stage ≥F2) as LSM>7.1 kPa. Frailty was assessed using a 36-Item frailty index (FI). Logistic regression was used to explore predictors of frailty using steatosis and fibrosis as covariates. Results We analyzed 707 PLWH (mean age 53.5 years, 76.2% males, median CD4 700 μL, 98.7% with undetectable HIV RNA). NAFLD with fibrosis was present in 10.2%; 18.9% and 3.9% of patients were classified as frail and most-frail, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated that neurocognitive impairment (OR=5.1, 1.6-15), vitamin D insufficiency (OR=1.94, 1.2-3.2), obesity (OR=8.1, 4.4-14.6), diabetes (OR=3.2, 1.9-5.6) and osteoporosis (OR=0.37, 0.16-0.76) were significantly associated with NAFLD with fibrosis. Predictors of FI included : steatosis (OR=2.1, 1.3-3.5), fibrosis (OR=2, 1-3.7), NAFLD with fibrosis (OR=9.2, 5.2-16.8), diabetes (OR=1.7, 1-2.7) and multimorbidity (OR=2.5, 1.5-4). Conclusion Liver steatosis and NAFLD with fibrosis were associated with frailty. NAFLD with fibrosis exceeded multimorbidity in the prediction of frailty, suggesting the former as an indicator of metabolic age in PLWH.
Key relationships between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, frailty, integrase-strand transferase inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in people living with HIV
29-set-2021
GUARALDI, Giovanni
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