Objectives 1. to review the literature for evidence of a correlation between quantitative analysis of AC inflammation and the risk of CME development after cataract surgery; 2. to adopt the laser flare photometry (LFP) to obtain a quantitative and non-invasive assessment of the anterior chamber inflammation; 3. To compare the effectiveness of single therapy with NSAIDs versus corticosteroids in controlling intraocular inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods Objective 1. We searched the PubMed database for peer-reviewed publications on AC inflammation after phacoemulsification. Keywords included: cataract surgery, cystoid macular edema, AC inflammation, laser flare and cells photometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and aqueous sample. Objective 2, 3. A phase IV, single center, randomized, active-control, parallel design, open-label trial was conducted to compare a two-week therapy with topical Dexamethasone 0.1% (group1) and Bromfenac 0.09% (group2) after phacoemulsification. LFP was used to quantify AC inflammation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the central macular thickness (CMT) at 30 days. The follow-up was then extended at 3 and 6 months to analyze the AC inflammation and the CMT in a long-term follow-up. Results Objective 1. 187 papers were identified. Inflammation was assessed by clinical grading 51%, by LFP in 42% and by aqueous humor sample in 4%. Sixteen (9%) studies investigated AC inflammation and macular changes by OCT (7%) or fluorescein angiography (2%), and a correlation between them was confirmed in 7 studies, not documented in 2 studies, and not examined in the other 7. Objectives 2, 3. Seventy-six patients (37 in group 1; 39 in group 2) with only a senile cataract have been enrolled. Bromfenac was equivalent to dexamethasone to treat inflammation. LFP values increased the day after surgery and progressively decreased after starting the therapies, with no return at baseline and no statistically significant difference at all time points between the groups. The mean CMT was higher in group 1 at one month after surgery (p=0.0467). The proportion of patients with CMT>300 microns at day 30 did not differ between treatment groups. LFP demonstrated persistent AC inflammation at days 90 and 180 in group 1, but not in group 2 that achieved a statistically significant reduction along with the follow-up (p<0.001). The CMT increase at days 90 and 180 was statistically significant in group 1 but not in group 2, where it decreased to levels similar to baseline. Dexamethasone showed a higher mean CMT compared to bromfenac along with the follow-up (p<0.001). The proportion of patients that developed CME was 14% (n=5) and 0% (n=0) in the Dexamethasone and Bromfenac group, respectively (p=0.02). The bivariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between LFP and CMT in group 1 but not in group 2. Conclusion Objective 1. LFP can quantify shallow inflammation amount and correlates with the frequency of CME postoperatively. The adoption of LFP after phacoemulsification can potentially predict the risk of CME and may help to titrate duration and intensity of therapy properly. Objectives 2, 3. Bromfenac and dexamethasone are equivalent in reducing inflammation measured by LFP, which revealed subtle aspects not clinically detectable. LFP values increase after surgery and significantly decreased after starting therapy in both groups, but did not recover to the baseline one month after surgery. Long-term LFP analysis showed a persistent inflammation from 30 days up to 3 months in a significant proportion of patients. This long-lasting reaction might explain the occurrence of CME several weeks after phacoemulsification probably because of a prolonged subclinical inflammation but clinically unremarkable.

Scopo 1. Review della letteratura per identificare correlazione tra analisi quantitativa dell'infiammazione intraoculare e il rischio di sviluppare edema maculare dopo intervento di cataratta; 2. adottare la fotometria laser flare(LFP) per ottenere una valutazione quantitativa e non invasiva dell'infiammazione in camera anteriore; 3. confrontare l'efficacia della monoterapia con FANS rispetto ai corticosteroidi nel controllo dell'infiammazione dopo facoemulsificazione. Metodi Obiettivo1. Ricerca nel database PubMed di pubblicazioni peer-reviewed sull'infiammazione dopo facoemulsificazione secondo le parole chiave: cataract surgery, cystoid macular edema, AC inflammation, laser flare and cells photometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography and aqueous sample. Obiettivo 2,3. Condurre uno studio di fase IV, monocentrico, randomizzato, active-control, parallel design, open label, per confrontare una terapia di due settimane con desametasone topico 0,1%(gruppo1) e Bromfenac 0,09%(gruppo2) dopo facoemulsificazione. A 30 giorni, l’infiammazione è stata analizzata con LFP e lo spessore maculare con OCT. Il follow-up è stato esteso a 3 e 6 mesi per analizzare l'infiammazione e il CMT a lungo termine. Risultati Obiettivo 1. Sono stati identificati 187 articoli. L'infiammazione è stata valutata mediante classificazione clinica nel 51%, LFP nel 42% e campione di umor acqueo nel 4%. Sedici studi(9%) hanno inoltre esaminato le alterazioni maculari mediante OCT(7%) o angiografia con fluoresceina(2%), ed una correlazione è stata confermata in 7 studi, non documentata in 2 studi e non esaminata negli altri 7. Obiettivi 2,3. Sono stati arruolati 76 pazienti (37 nel gruppo1; 39 nel gruppo2) candidati ad intervento di cataratta senile. Il bromfenac era equivalente al desametasone per ridurre l’nfiammazione. I valori di LFP sono aumentati il giorno dopo l'intervento e sono progressivamente diminuiti dopo l'inizio delle terapie, senza ritorno al basale e differenze statisticamente significative nel follow-up. A 30 giorni, il CMT medio era più alto nel gruppo1(p=0,0467), ma la proporzione di pazienti con CMT>300 micron non differiva tra i gruppi. Il LFP ha dimostrato un'infiammazione persistente ai giorni 90 e 180 nel gruppo1, ma non nel gruppo2 che ha ottenuto una riduzione statisticamente significativa nel follow-up (p<0,001). L'aumento della CMT ai giorni 90 e 180 è stato statisticamente significativo nel gruppo1 ma non nel gruppo2, dove è diminuito a livelli simili al basale. Il CMT medio era più alto nel gruppo1 rispetto al gruppo2 nel follow-up(p <0,001). La percentuale di pazienti che hanno sviluppato CMO è stata del 14% (n=5) e dello 0% (n=0) rispettivamente nel gruppo 1 e 2 (p=0,02). L'analisi bivariata ha dimostrato una correlazione positiva tra LFP e CMT solo nel gruppo1. Conclusione Obiettivo 1.LFP consente un’analisi quantitativa dell’infiammazione introculare e correla con la frequenza di CMO dopo l'intervento. L’utilizzo di LFP dopo la facoemulsificazione permette di predire il rischio di CMO e consente di titolare adeguatamente durata e intensità della terapia antiinfiammatoria. Obiettivi 2,3.Bromfenac e desametasone sono equivalenti nel ridurre l'infiammazione misurata con LFP. I valori di LFP aumentano dopo l'intervento chirurgico e diminuiscono significativamente dopo l'inizio della terapia in entrambi i gruppi, ma non ritornano al valore basale un mese dopo l'intervento. L'analisi LFP a lungo termine ha evidenziato un'infiammazione persistente da 30 giorni fino a 3-6 mesi in una percentuale significativa di pazienti. Questa reazione di lunga durata potrebbe spiegare il verificarsi di CMO diverse settimane dopo la facoemulsificazione, probabilmente a causa di un'infiammazione subclinica prolungata ma clinicamente non rilevabile.

ANALISI DELL'INFIAMMAZIONE INTRAOCULARE DOPO CHIRURUGIA DELLA CATARATTA: UNO STUDIO CON LASER FLARE PHOTOMETRY / Michele De Maria , 2021 May 31. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.

ANALISI DELL'INFIAMMAZIONE INTRAOCULARE DOPO CHIRURUGIA DELLA CATARATTA: UNO STUDIO CON LASER FLARE PHOTOMETRY

DE MARIA, MICHELE
2021

Abstract

Objectives 1. to review the literature for evidence of a correlation between quantitative analysis of AC inflammation and the risk of CME development after cataract surgery; 2. to adopt the laser flare photometry (LFP) to obtain a quantitative and non-invasive assessment of the anterior chamber inflammation; 3. To compare the effectiveness of single therapy with NSAIDs versus corticosteroids in controlling intraocular inflammation after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Methods Objective 1. We searched the PubMed database for peer-reviewed publications on AC inflammation after phacoemulsification. Keywords included: cataract surgery, cystoid macular edema, AC inflammation, laser flare and cells photometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and aqueous sample. Objective 2, 3. A phase IV, single center, randomized, active-control, parallel design, open-label trial was conducted to compare a two-week therapy with topical Dexamethasone 0.1% (group1) and Bromfenac 0.09% (group2) after phacoemulsification. LFP was used to quantify AC inflammation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the central macular thickness (CMT) at 30 days. The follow-up was then extended at 3 and 6 months to analyze the AC inflammation and the CMT in a long-term follow-up. Results Objective 1. 187 papers were identified. Inflammation was assessed by clinical grading 51%, by LFP in 42% and by aqueous humor sample in 4%. Sixteen (9%) studies investigated AC inflammation and macular changes by OCT (7%) or fluorescein angiography (2%), and a correlation between them was confirmed in 7 studies, not documented in 2 studies, and not examined in the other 7. Objectives 2, 3. Seventy-six patients (37 in group 1; 39 in group 2) with only a senile cataract have been enrolled. Bromfenac was equivalent to dexamethasone to treat inflammation. LFP values increased the day after surgery and progressively decreased after starting the therapies, with no return at baseline and no statistically significant difference at all time points between the groups. The mean CMT was higher in group 1 at one month after surgery (p=0.0467). The proportion of patients with CMT>300 microns at day 30 did not differ between treatment groups. LFP demonstrated persistent AC inflammation at days 90 and 180 in group 1, but not in group 2 that achieved a statistically significant reduction along with the follow-up (p<0.001). The CMT increase at days 90 and 180 was statistically significant in group 1 but not in group 2, where it decreased to levels similar to baseline. Dexamethasone showed a higher mean CMT compared to bromfenac along with the follow-up (p<0.001). The proportion of patients that developed CME was 14% (n=5) and 0% (n=0) in the Dexamethasone and Bromfenac group, respectively (p=0.02). The bivariate analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between LFP and CMT in group 1 but not in group 2. Conclusion Objective 1. LFP can quantify shallow inflammation amount and correlates with the frequency of CME postoperatively. The adoption of LFP after phacoemulsification can potentially predict the risk of CME and may help to titrate duration and intensity of therapy properly. Objectives 2, 3. Bromfenac and dexamethasone are equivalent in reducing inflammation measured by LFP, which revealed subtle aspects not clinically detectable. LFP values increase after surgery and significantly decreased after starting therapy in both groups, but did not recover to the baseline one month after surgery. Long-term LFP analysis showed a persistent inflammation from 30 days up to 3 months in a significant proportion of patients. This long-lasting reaction might explain the occurrence of CME several weeks after phacoemulsification probably because of a prolonged subclinical inflammation but clinically unremarkable.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION AFTER CATARACT SURGERY: A LASER FLARE PHOTOMETRY STUDY
31-mag-2021
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