Several studies demonstrate the serious impact of homotransphobic discrimination on LGBT+ people, in tertiary education, in sports and in workplace (D’Augelli, Pilkington, Hershberger, 2002; Almeida et al., 2009; Di Giacomo et al., 2018; Taylor et al., 2013). This thesis consists of three essays on topics in sexual minorities discrimination and inclusion policies, in three different environments. Chapter 1 introduce the three essays and describes their main results. The first essay analyses a non-agonistic popular sports environment. It’s aim is twofold: firstly, it analyses the determinants of homotransphobic perceived discrimination; secondly, it explores, within the analysis of homotransphobia factors, the relevance of Allport's Contact Theory. From the empirical analysis we found that, among the determinants of homotransphobic perceived discrimination, there are individuals’ homosexual and bisexual orientation and a high level of education. Moreover, this study’s results reveal that among the factors related to homotransphobic behaviours and attitudes there are heterosexual orientation and male biological sex. Related to Contact Theory, our outcomes show that contacts with LGBT people typically reduce the probability of being homotransphobic and that being involved in projects aimed to put in contact LGBT with non-LGBT people reduces prejudice and discriminant attitudes. The second essay explores homotransphobia and policies inclusion in tertiary education. This study provides the first european index of LGBT+ inclusion for Universities, created using fuzzy logic techniques (Zadeh, 1965, 1988), that has a twofold aim: allow tertiary education institutions to assess their degree of gender inclusiveness with a shortcut assessment of the dimensions in LGBT+ inclusion that needs to be improved for reaching the aim of LGBT+ inclusion in tertiary education; Implement the proposed system to Italian universities that have promptly taken part to the survey thus making us in the condition to be able to show their achievements. With the support of six LGBT+ or ally students’ union, of four experts and of the National Conference of Equality Organs, we were able to evaluate the efficacy of the different practices in place and taking into account other. The third essay examines sexual orientation (and others) discrimination in workplaces, analysing European Working Condition Survey Data collected in 2015. We examine the relationship between discrimination’s predictors, stress, job satisfaction and moderating variables such as socio-economic position and age, showing that employees intersectionally discriminated are found to have more stress and less job satisfaction compared to their counterpart. Finally we realize a Mediation Model to detect and expound the mechanism underlies the relationship between an inclusive organizational model (the indipendent variable) and the employees' job satisfaction or their level of stress (the dependent variables), via the inclusion of sexual orientation (and others) discrimination variable (mediating variable) with the aim of clarifing the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Each essay also explores LGBT+ inclusion best practices and suggests policy implications aimed to improve the inclusiveness of sports environments, workplaces and universities.

Numerosi studi dimostrano il grave impatto che la discriminazione omotranfobica ha sulle persone LGBT+, nell’educazione terziaria, nello sport e negli ambienti lavorativi (D’Augelli, Pilkington, Hershberger, 2002; Almeida et al., 2009; Di Giacomo et al., 2018; Taylor et al., 2013). Questa tesi è composta da tre saggi che trattano la discriminazione delle minoranze sessuali e le politiche in inclusione in tre diversi ambienti. Il Capitolo 1 introduce i tre saggi e descrive i principali risultati. Il primo saggio analizza un ambiente sportivo non-agonistico e popolare. Il suo scopo è duplice: esso analizza le determinanti della percezione della discriminazione omotransfobica e esplora, nell'analisi dei fattori dell’omotransfobia, la rilevanza della Contact Theory di Allport. Dalla nostra analisi empirica rileviamo che, tra le determinanti della percezione della discriminazione omo-transfobica, vi sono gli orientamenti sessuali bisex e omosex e un elevato livello di educazione. Inoltre troviamo evidenza del fatto che, tra i fattori connessi agli atteggiamenti omotransfobici, vi sono l’eterosessualità e il sesso biologico maschile. In riferimento alla Contact Theory, i nostri risultati mostrano che il contatto con le persone LGBT+ riduce la probabilità di essere discriminanti e che essere coinvolti in progetti che sottendono alle "condizioni di Allport" riduca la probabilità di avere comportamenti omotranfobici. Il secondo paper esplora l’omotransfobia e le politiche di inclusione rivolte alla popolazione LGBT+ nell’educazione terziaria. Questo studio fornisce il primo indice europeo di inclusione universitaria LGBT+, creato attraverso la logica fuzzy (Zadeh, 1965, 1988). Questo lavoro ha un duplice intento: da un lato quello di consentire alle università di auto-valutare il loro grado di inclusione LGBT+ attraverso le diverse dimensioni di cui si compone l’indice; dall’altro quello di applicare l'indice alle 58 università pubbliche italiane, che hanno tutte preso parte alla survey permettendoci di misurare il loro livello di inclusione. Grazie al supporto di sei associazione studentesche LGBT+ (o alleate), di quattro esperti e della Conferenza Nazionale degli Organismi di Parità delle Università, abbiamo potuto valutare l’efficacia di diverse pratiche di inclusione tenendone conto nella definizione del ranking. Il terzo saggio esamina la discriminazione per orientamento sessuale (o per altre caratteristiche) negli ambienti lavorativi, analizzando il database European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) del 2015. Abbiamo esaminato la relazione tra i predittori della discriminazione, lo stress, la soddisfazione lavorativa e alcune variabili di moderazione come la posizione socio economica e l’età, mostrando che i dipendenti discriminati a livello intersezionale (per più di una caratteristica) riportano una minore soddisfazione lavorativa e maggiore livello di stress rispetto alla controparte. Abbiamo, infine, realizzato un modello di mediazione per rilevare ed esporre il meccanismo alla base della relazione tra un modello organizzativo inclusivo (la nostra variabile indipendente) e la soddisfazione lavorativa dei dipendenti o il loro livello di stress (le variabili dipendenti), attraverso l’inclusione della variabile di percezione della discriminazione per orientamento sessuale o per altre caratteristiche (variabile di mediazione). L’intento è quello di chiarire la natura della relazione tra le variabili dipendenti e le variabili indipendenti. Ognuno dei tre saggi esplora, inoltre, le migliori pratiche di inclusione rilevate nei tre ambienti analizzati e suggerisce interventi e politiche di inclusione volte a migliorare il livello di inclusione degli ambienti sportivi, educativi e lavorativi.

Omotransfobia: Determinanti, impatto e politiche / Tullia Russo , 2020 Mar 10., Anno Accademico 2018/2019.

Omotransfobia: Determinanti, impatto e politiche.

RUSSO, TULLIA
2020

Abstract

Several studies demonstrate the serious impact of homotransphobic discrimination on LGBT+ people, in tertiary education, in sports and in workplace (D’Augelli, Pilkington, Hershberger, 2002; Almeida et al., 2009; Di Giacomo et al., 2018; Taylor et al., 2013). This thesis consists of three essays on topics in sexual minorities discrimination and inclusion policies, in three different environments. Chapter 1 introduce the three essays and describes their main results. The first essay analyses a non-agonistic popular sports environment. It’s aim is twofold: firstly, it analyses the determinants of homotransphobic perceived discrimination; secondly, it explores, within the analysis of homotransphobia factors, the relevance of Allport's Contact Theory. From the empirical analysis we found that, among the determinants of homotransphobic perceived discrimination, there are individuals’ homosexual and bisexual orientation and a high level of education. Moreover, this study’s results reveal that among the factors related to homotransphobic behaviours and attitudes there are heterosexual orientation and male biological sex. Related to Contact Theory, our outcomes show that contacts with LGBT people typically reduce the probability of being homotransphobic and that being involved in projects aimed to put in contact LGBT with non-LGBT people reduces prejudice and discriminant attitudes. The second essay explores homotransphobia and policies inclusion in tertiary education. This study provides the first european index of LGBT+ inclusion for Universities, created using fuzzy logic techniques (Zadeh, 1965, 1988), that has a twofold aim: allow tertiary education institutions to assess their degree of gender inclusiveness with a shortcut assessment of the dimensions in LGBT+ inclusion that needs to be improved for reaching the aim of LGBT+ inclusion in tertiary education; Implement the proposed system to Italian universities that have promptly taken part to the survey thus making us in the condition to be able to show their achievements. With the support of six LGBT+ or ally students’ union, of four experts and of the National Conference of Equality Organs, we were able to evaluate the efficacy of the different practices in place and taking into account other. The third essay examines sexual orientation (and others) discrimination in workplaces, analysing European Working Condition Survey Data collected in 2015. We examine the relationship between discrimination’s predictors, stress, job satisfaction and moderating variables such as socio-economic position and age, showing that employees intersectionally discriminated are found to have more stress and less job satisfaction compared to their counterpart. Finally we realize a Mediation Model to detect and expound the mechanism underlies the relationship between an inclusive organizational model (the indipendent variable) and the employees' job satisfaction or their level of stress (the dependent variables), via the inclusion of sexual orientation (and others) discrimination variable (mediating variable) with the aim of clarifing the nature of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Each essay also explores LGBT+ inclusion best practices and suggests policy implications aimed to improve the inclusiveness of sports environments, workplaces and universities.
Homotransphobia: Determinants, impact and policies.
10-mar-2020
PISTORESI, Barbara
ADDABBO, Tindara
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1245183
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