In the first paper, the relationship between hospital admissions due to psychiatric disorders and the severe economic downturn caused by the 2008 financial crisis was studied. Also, the buffering mechanism exerted by social protection (SP) was considered. Among women, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to organic and senile mental disorders, while decreased gross domestic product (GDP) was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, alcohol-related disorders, and substance-related disorder. Among men, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and organic and senile mental disorders. Decreased GDP was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders and alcohol-related disorders. SP buffered the negative mental health outcomes caused by decreased GDP in both genders, specifically with respect to alcohol-related disorders. Between 2008 and 2014 hospitalizations cost exceeded 79,425,797 euros at national level, 11,346,542 euros per year. In the second paper, the efficacy and effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) carried out at the Modena Mental Health Department (MHD), and their impact on users’ employability were assessed. A retrospective study was used. All users of the Modena MHD included in VRPs in 2018 were enrolled. A before-after analysis was carried out. Also, exposed users were compared to a non-experimental control group, made up of users not included in VRPs in 2018, homogeneous in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables, diagnoses and severity level. In 2018, 62 users ended the VRP (women 29, 46%; mean age 43±13 years old), thus representing the sample of exposed users. The before-after comparison showed that after the beginning of VRPs, the number and days of hospitalization significantly decreased, and no compulsory hospitalization was needed. Also, the median of urgent health interventions declined. In 2018, VRPs made it possible to reduce costs up to 49,243.50 euros, i.e. 794.25 euros per user. Of the 62 users who ended VRPs, on 31 December 2018 twenty-seven were employed (44% of the sample). Eleven users had an open-end contract while sixteen users had a fixed-term contract. Of the latter, six were later changed in open-term contracts. The third paper investigated the association between work environment factors and risk of depression after retirement. A secondary retrospective analysis was carried out using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6 and 7. The latter provided retrospective data on the respondents’ working conditions before retirement. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between presence of depression after retirement (detected by the Euro-D scale) and work environment factors in 584 individuals. With respect to work environment factors only fair salary was associated with reduced risk of depression after retirement (OR=0.75, p=0.047). Female gender, number of chronic diseases and presence of the partner in the household increased the risk of depression (OR=1.84, p<0.01; OR=1.58, p<0.01; OR=1.45, p<0.01, respectively), while higher education decreased it (OR=0.88, p=0.048). With respect to personality, the risk of depression after retirement increased a higher level of neuroticism (OR=1.49, <0.01). Differently, increased consciousness was associated with decreased risk of depression (OR=0.73, p=0.06).
Nel primo capitolo viene studiata la relazione tra ospedalizzazioni dovute a disturbi psichiatrici e la grave crisi economica iniziata nel 2008; viene inoltre approfondito il possibile effetto moderatore esercitato dalla protezione sociale. Tra le donne, l'aumento della disoccupazione è risultato associato ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a disturbi senili e organici, mentre la riduzione del Prodotto Interno Lordo (PIL) è risultata associata ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici, ai disturbi dell'umore, e ai disturbi da uso di alcol e sostanze. Tra gli uomini l'aumento della disoccupazione è risultato associato ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici, ai disturbi dell'umore, alla schizofrenia e ad altri disturbi psicotici, e ai disturbi senili organici. La riduzione del PIL è risultata associata ad aumento delle ospedalizzazioni dovute a tutti i disturbi psichiatrici e ai disturbi da uso di alcol e sostanze. La protezione sociale è risultata in grado di assorbire le conseguenze negative per la salute mentale provocate dalla riduzione del PIL in entrambi i sessi, per quanto riguarda i disturbi da uso di alcool. Tra il 2008 e il 2014 i costi di ospedalizzazione per disturbi psichiatrici a livello nazionale hanno superato i 79,425,797 di euro, cioè 11,346,542 euro all’anno, mediamente. Nel secondo capitolo è stata indagata l'efficacia e l'efficienza dei programmi di inserimento lavorativo condotti presso il dipartimento di salute mentale di Modena, e il loro impatto sull’occupabilità degli utenti coinvolti in tali programmi nel 2018. Si tratta di 62 utenti (donne 29, 46%; età media 43±13 anni), in cui l'analisi pre-post ha mostrato che dopo l'inizio dei percorsi di inserimento lavorativi il numero i giorni di ospedalizzazione si sono ridotti significativamente e non si è ricorso ad alcun trattamento sanitario obbligatorio. Inoltre, la mediana di interventi urgenti è significativamente diminuita. Nel 2018, i percorsi di inserimento lavorativo hanno reso possibile una riduzione dei costi di ricovero fino a 49,243.50 euro, cioè 794.25 euro per utente. Al 31 dicembre 2018, 27 erano occupati (44% del campione); 11 utenti avevano un contratto a tempo indeterminato, mentre 16 avevano un contratto a tempo determinato. Il terzo capitolo ha indagata retrospettivamente l'associazione tra caratteristiche dell'ambiente di lavoro e rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento, utilizzando dati dalla Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6 e 7. Quest'ultima ha fornito dati retrospettivi sulle caratteristiche di lavoro dei rispondenti prima del pensionamento. Si sono effettuate regressioni logistiche binarie per analizzare l'associazione tra presenza di depressione dopo il pensionamento (individuata dalla scala Euro-D) e caratteristiche dell'ambiente di lavoro in 584 individui. L’equità del salario percepito è risultata significativamente associata a una riduzione del rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento (OR=0.75, p=0.047). Sesso femminile, numero di malattie croniche presenza del partner nel nucleo domestico sono risultati associati ad aumentato rischio di depressione (OR=1.84, p<0.01; OR=1.58, p<0.01; OR=1.45, p<0.01, rispettivamente), mentre un elevato livello di istruzione riduceva il rischio (OR=0.88, p=0.048). Per quanto riguarda la personalità, il rischio di depressione dopo il pensionamento aumentava all'aumentare dei livelli di nevroticismo (OR=1.49, <0.01), mentre diminuiva all'aumentare dei livelli di coscienziosità (OR=0.73, p=0.06).
Impatto delle crisi economiche, dell'organizzazione del lavoro e della riabilitazione mediante inserimenti lavorativi sulla salute mentale in Italia / Giorgio Mattei , 2021 Mar 22. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.
Impatto delle crisi economiche, dell'organizzazione del lavoro e della riabilitazione mediante inserimenti lavorativi sulla salute mentale in Italia
Mattei, Giorgio
2021
Abstract
In the first paper, the relationship between hospital admissions due to psychiatric disorders and the severe economic downturn caused by the 2008 financial crisis was studied. Also, the buffering mechanism exerted by social protection (SP) was considered. Among women, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to organic and senile mental disorders, while decreased gross domestic product (GDP) was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, alcohol-related disorders, and substance-related disorder. Among men, increased unemployment was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, and organic and senile mental disorders. Decreased GDP was associated with increased hospitalizations due to all psychiatric disorders and alcohol-related disorders. SP buffered the negative mental health outcomes caused by decreased GDP in both genders, specifically with respect to alcohol-related disorders. Between 2008 and 2014 hospitalizations cost exceeded 79,425,797 euros at national level, 11,346,542 euros per year. In the second paper, the efficacy and effectiveness of vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) carried out at the Modena Mental Health Department (MHD), and their impact on users’ employability were assessed. A retrospective study was used. All users of the Modena MHD included in VRPs in 2018 were enrolled. A before-after analysis was carried out. Also, exposed users were compared to a non-experimental control group, made up of users not included in VRPs in 2018, homogeneous in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables, diagnoses and severity level. In 2018, 62 users ended the VRP (women 29, 46%; mean age 43±13 years old), thus representing the sample of exposed users. The before-after comparison showed that after the beginning of VRPs, the number and days of hospitalization significantly decreased, and no compulsory hospitalization was needed. Also, the median of urgent health interventions declined. In 2018, VRPs made it possible to reduce costs up to 49,243.50 euros, i.e. 794.25 euros per user. Of the 62 users who ended VRPs, on 31 December 2018 twenty-seven were employed (44% of the sample). Eleven users had an open-end contract while sixteen users had a fixed-term contract. Of the latter, six were later changed in open-term contracts. The third paper investigated the association between work environment factors and risk of depression after retirement. A secondary retrospective analysis was carried out using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), wave 6 and 7. The latter provided retrospective data on the respondents’ working conditions before retirement. Binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the association between presence of depression after retirement (detected by the Euro-D scale) and work environment factors in 584 individuals. With respect to work environment factors only fair salary was associated with reduced risk of depression after retirement (OR=0.75, p=0.047). Female gender, number of chronic diseases and presence of the partner in the household increased the risk of depression (OR=1.84, p<0.01; OR=1.58, p<0.01; OR=1.45, p<0.01, respectively), while higher education decreased it (OR=0.88, p=0.048). With respect to personality, the risk of depression after retirement increased a higher level of neuroticism (OR=1.49, <0.01). Differently, increased consciousness was associated with decreased risk of depression (OR=0.73, p=0.06).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Giorgio Mattei_PhDThesis.pdf
Open Access dal 22/03/2024
Descrizione: Impact of economic crises, work organization, and vocational rehabilitation on mental health in Italy_Tesi definitiva_Mattei_Giorgio
Tipologia:
Tesi di dottorato
Dimensione
1.07 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.07 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
Pubblicazioni consigliate
I metadati presenti in IRIS UNIMORE sono rilasciati con licenza Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal, mentre i file delle pubblicazioni sono rilasciati con licenza Attribuzione 4.0 Internazionale (CC BY 4.0), salvo diversa indicazione.
In caso di violazione di copyright, contattare Supporto Iris