Nanotechnologies are already part of everyday life and are indicated in HO2020 as fundamental key-enabling technologies for the scientific, economic and social development of EU. EU has indeed recommend the introduction of nanoscience and nanotechnology in high school curricula [1] since the beginning of the new millennium, due to their highly interdisciplinary character and also because they are particularly well-suited for effective hands-on activities [2]. One of the most relevant goal of nanoscience is to design and realize novel materials with peculiar properties, the so-called functional materials, by fine tuning their structure, chemical composition and morphology at the micro and nanoscale. Indeed, the microscopic characteristics of such materials strongly affect their macroscopic properties, often in highly surprising ways. Several functional materials are nowadays easily purchased and are used in the school labs to trigger pupils’ curiosity and interest, exploiting the so-called wow-effect. The Unimore Nanolab project [3] goes beyond this approach, designing fully quantitative experiments based on functional materials, which are aimed at introducing selected key-concepts (“big-ideas”) in nanoscience. In this PhD thesis work, as a part of the Nanolab project, I designed and test a few new teaching learning sequences (TLS), developing a novel educational approach to experimental activities, inspired by ISLE (Investigative Science Learning Environment)[4] and Instructional 5E models[5]. Tribology, i.e. the study of friction, wear and adhesion phenomena, is an extremely active field of research of paramount technological relevance. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena at the nano- and meso-scale is currently an open issue. As far as education is concerned, friction has been considered a trivial topic which deserved little attention in traditional high-school curricula. In fact, it actually provides an appealing way to introduce fundamental interdisciplinary concepts, such as atomic and molecular interactions and their key role in determining the behaviour and properties of two surfaces in intimate contact [6-7]. In this work, I designed a TLS on friction and wetting, which inquires the properties of the Gecko Tape ®, a micro-structured adhesive, bio-inspired by the gecko feet. The TLS aims to convey one of nanoscience Big Ideas, i.e. Structure is function and underlying the strict connections between physics and chemistry. The teaching sequence is intended to mimic the different steps of a true scientific research, including results dissemination and discussion.This TLS has been validated with a few groups of students, with different backgrounds and levels of involvement, and also tested in a peer education set with very good results. A second TLS, addressing the big ideas "Tools and Instrumentation" was also designed, exploiting Gecko Tape® as a flexible and deformable diffraction grating. This activity is part of a sequence regarding optics and is also proposed in a flipped-classroom approach. All the designed educational materials, including films and video tutorials, are available on-line and have been also used in in-service teachers training activities. 1. I. Malsch; Nanotech. Rev 3, 211 (2014) 2. M. Prince; J. Engr.Ed Rev 93, 223 (2004) 3. http://www.nanolab.unimore.it 4. E. Etkinaa, Physics World 27, 48 (2014) 5. R.W. Bybee; Science& children 51,10 (2014) 6. U. Besson et al. Am. J. Phys. 75, 1106 (2007) 7. V. Montalbano Proceedings of the GIREP-MPTL conference, 863 (2014)

Le nanotecnologie sono ormai parte dell’esperienza quotidiana e rappresentano un pilastro fondamentale dello sviluppo tecnologico, economico e sociale futuro. In particolare, l’Unione Europea le considera fra le tecnologie chiave per lo sviluppo tecnologico e ha messo in evidenza l’importanza di introdurne i principi base già nelle scuole superiori[1],. L’introduzione delle nanoscienze nei curricula delle scuole superiori permette di collegare le diverse materie in un’ottica interdisciplinare e si presta ad attività “hands-on” di provata efficacia[2]. Le nanoscienze mirano a progettare e realizzare materiali con nuove proprietà, i cosiddetti materiali funzionali, controllandone struttura, composizione chimica e morfologia alla micro- e nanoscala. Le loro caratteristiche microscopiche si riflettono infatti sulle loro proprietà macroscopiche in modo spesso eclatante. Diversi esempi di materiali funzionali sono facilmente reperibili sul mercato e le loro proprietà possono efficacemente essere illustrate nei laboratori scolastici. Solitamente queste dimostrazioni d’aula sono pensate per accendere la curiosità degli studenti, utilizzando il cosiddetto “wow-effect”. Il progetto Nanolab, di Unimore[3], mira ad andare oltre questo approccio, proponendo protocolli sperimentali quantitativi, riproducibili e facilmente realizzabili per introdurre alcune idee-chiave delle nanoscienze. In questo lavoro di tesi, che si inquadra nel progetto Nanolab, sono stati progettati alcuni nuovi protocolli e teaching-learning sequence (TLS), sviluppando un approccio didattico originale all’attività sperimentale, che trova fondamento in letteratura nel modello ISLE (Investigative Science Learning Environment)[4] e nell’ Instructional Model “5E”[5]. La tribologia, cioè lo studio dei fenomeni di attrito, è un settore delle scienze dei materiali di enorme rilevanza tecnologica. La comprensione delle origini microscopiche di questi fenomeni è a tutt’oggi oggetto di ricerca. Sebbene tradizionalmente i fenomeni di attrito siano piuttosto trascurati dai curricula scolastici, essi rappresentano invece l’occasione per introdurre concetti interdisciplinari estremamente importanti, quali le caratteristiche delle interazioni molecolari e il loro ruolo nel determinare le proprietà di superfici in contatto[6,7]. Un contributo in questa direzione è fornito dalla prima TLS sviluppata in questa tesi. Essa si basa sullo studio del Gecko Tape ®, un adesivo microstrutturato, bio-ispirato alle zampe del Gecko, e collega fisica e chimica, introducendo l’idea-chiave “struttura è funzione”. Il percorso proposto mima il mestiere dello scienziato nelle sue fasi di ricerca e di condivisione dei risultati con modalità simili a quelle di un congresso scientifico. La TLS è stata validata su alcuni gruppi di studenti, eterogenei per interesse e formazione, e testata anche in modalità peer education, ottenendo sempre risultati molto positivi. Una seconda TLS è legata all’idea-chiave “Metodi e strumentazione” e sfrutta il Gecko Tape® come reticolo di diffrazione, flessibile e deformabile, per l’apprendimento attivo dell’ottica. Viene proposta anche in flipped-classroom con materiali didattici appositamente preparati. I materiali prodotti, tra cui filmati e videotutorial, sono disponibili sul sito, completamente rinnovato, www.nanolab.unimore.it, e sono la base per corsi di aggiornamento per insegnanti, di cui uno tenuto nel 2018, ed uno prossimo venturo. 1. I. Malsch; Nanotech. Rev 3, 211 (2014) 2. M. Prince; J. Engr.Ed Rev 93, 223 (2004) 3. http://www.nanolab.unimore.it 4. E. Etkinaa, Physics World 27, 48 (2014) 5. R.W. Bybee; Science& children 51,10 (2014) 6. U. Besson et al. Am. J. Phys. 75, 1106 (2007) 7. V. Montalbano Proceedings of the GIREP-MPTL, 863 (2014)

Percorsi di indagine sperimentale delle proprietà di materiali funzionali: un’occasione per introdurre i concetti chiave delle nanoscienze e della fisica moderna nelle scuole superiori / Cinzia Scorzoni , 2020 Sep 04. 32. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2018/2019.

Percorsi di indagine sperimentale delle proprietà di materiali funzionali: un’occasione per introdurre i concetti chiave delle nanoscienze e della fisica moderna nelle scuole superiori

SCORZONI, CINZIA
2020

Abstract

Nanotechnologies are already part of everyday life and are indicated in HO2020 as fundamental key-enabling technologies for the scientific, economic and social development of EU. EU has indeed recommend the introduction of nanoscience and nanotechnology in high school curricula [1] since the beginning of the new millennium, due to their highly interdisciplinary character and also because they are particularly well-suited for effective hands-on activities [2]. One of the most relevant goal of nanoscience is to design and realize novel materials with peculiar properties, the so-called functional materials, by fine tuning their structure, chemical composition and morphology at the micro and nanoscale. Indeed, the microscopic characteristics of such materials strongly affect their macroscopic properties, often in highly surprising ways. Several functional materials are nowadays easily purchased and are used in the school labs to trigger pupils’ curiosity and interest, exploiting the so-called wow-effect. The Unimore Nanolab project [3] goes beyond this approach, designing fully quantitative experiments based on functional materials, which are aimed at introducing selected key-concepts (“big-ideas”) in nanoscience. In this PhD thesis work, as a part of the Nanolab project, I designed and test a few new teaching learning sequences (TLS), developing a novel educational approach to experimental activities, inspired by ISLE (Investigative Science Learning Environment)[4] and Instructional 5E models[5]. Tribology, i.e. the study of friction, wear and adhesion phenomena, is an extremely active field of research of paramount technological relevance. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of these phenomena at the nano- and meso-scale is currently an open issue. As far as education is concerned, friction has been considered a trivial topic which deserved little attention in traditional high-school curricula. In fact, it actually provides an appealing way to introduce fundamental interdisciplinary concepts, such as atomic and molecular interactions and their key role in determining the behaviour and properties of two surfaces in intimate contact [6-7]. In this work, I designed a TLS on friction and wetting, which inquires the properties of the Gecko Tape ®, a micro-structured adhesive, bio-inspired by the gecko feet. The TLS aims to convey one of nanoscience Big Ideas, i.e. Structure is function and underlying the strict connections between physics and chemistry. The teaching sequence is intended to mimic the different steps of a true scientific research, including results dissemination and discussion.This TLS has been validated with a few groups of students, with different backgrounds and levels of involvement, and also tested in a peer education set with very good results. A second TLS, addressing the big ideas "Tools and Instrumentation" was also designed, exploiting Gecko Tape® as a flexible and deformable diffraction grating. This activity is part of a sequence regarding optics and is also proposed in a flipped-classroom approach. All the designed educational materials, including films and video tutorials, are available on-line and have been also used in in-service teachers training activities. 1. I. Malsch; Nanotech. Rev 3, 211 (2014) 2. M. Prince; J. Engr.Ed Rev 93, 223 (2004) 3. http://www.nanolab.unimore.it 4. E. Etkinaa, Physics World 27, 48 (2014) 5. R.W. Bybee; Science& children 51,10 (2014) 6. U. Besson et al. Am. J. Phys. 75, 1106 (2007) 7. V. Montalbano Proceedings of the GIREP-MPTL conference, 863 (2014)
Inquiring functional materials in high-school labs: a route to key concepts in nanoscience and modern physics
4-set-2020
DE RENZI, Valentina
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