Si presentano i risultati del primo studio sistematico sulla flora urbica di Modena. Il censimento qui illustrato è stato svolto fra il 2014 e il 2018, considerando ogni via e piazza del centro storico cittadino, quest’ultimo inteso come area delimitata dai grandi viali che ricalcano il percorso dei bastioni cinquecenteschi. Sono state rinvenute 344 specie, delle quali 1 nuova per la flora d’Italia, 10 per l’Emilia-Romagna e altre 19 per la provincia di Modena; il 63% di queste nuove segnalazioni è esotico. Le specie non più ritrovate, segnalate almeno 20 anni fa o testimoniate solo da campioni d’erbario del tardo Ottocento, sono 17. Lo spettro biologico è dominato dalle terofite (45%), seguite da emicriptofite (28%) e fanerofite (15%). Lo spettro corologico è dominato da eurasiatiche (28%), mediterranee (24%) e cosmopolite (24%). Le neofite sono il 18% del totale, valore piuttosto basso se rapportato a quanto riferito per altre città della Pianura Padana e dell’Europa centrale: ciò è probabilmente dovuto alle ridotte dimensioni del centro storico cittadino, la cui compatta struttura urbanistica d’impronta medievale pare opporre una certa resistenza all’ingresso delle specie alloctone. Le specie invasive sono l’11% del totale. Interessante la presenza di 15 specie igrofile, talora indicatrici d’irrigazione o iper-irrigazione di aiuole e tappeti erbosi. Le specie protette (solo a livello regionale) sono soltanto 4, di cui 2 presenti in quanto sfuggite a coltivazione. Considerando l’affinità delle specie censite all’ecologia urbana, la lista è dominata dalle urbano-neutrali (45%) e dalle urbanofile (42%), il che può indicare sia una discreta varietà di ambienti di crescita, parecchi dei quali in una fase di evoluzione ecologica abbastanza avanzata per la città, sia una discreta qualità ambientale verosimilmente dovuta, almeno in parte, all’abbondanza e ampiezza delle aree verdi. La ricchezza specifica in ogni via o piazza è fortemente correlata all’eterogeneità ambien- tale (ρ = 0,794) e moderatamente correlata alla presenza limitrofa di aree verdi (ρ = 0,544) e alla lunghezza della via o ampiezza della piazza (ρ = 0,665 e 0,673, rispettivamente); esiste inoltre una debole correlazione fra presenza di specie orticole o alimentari e presenza, nella stessa via o piazza, di locali di ristorazione (ρ = 0,212). La città si conferma dunque come un ecosistema assai dinamico e di grande ricchezza biologica, utile per capire le strategie ecologiche messe in atto dalle piante per adattarsi a condizioni anche proibitive. Le aree urbane, inoltre, spesso fungono da «snodo» per la diffusione delle specie lungo le infrastrutture viarie, durante il processo di colonizzazione del territorio. La comprensione e il rispetto dei ruoli ecologici delle specie spontanee sono concetti fondamentali per una moderna pianificazione urbanistica volta a migliorare la qualità della vita nel suo complesso.

The results of the first systematic study concerning the urban flora of Modena are here presented. Data collection was carried out in 2014- 2018, by inspecting every road and square of the historic centre, intended as the area encompassed within the wide avenues that retrace the layout of the 16th century ramparts. 344 plant species were found, of which 1 is new for the flora of Italy, 10 are new for Emilia-Romagna and 19 are new for the province of Modena. Among these 30 new species, alien species make up 63%. There are 17 species no longer found during this study, which were observed at least 20 years ago or were testified only by late 19th century herbarium samples. The life form spectrum is dominated by the therophytes (44%), followed by hemi- cryptophytes (28%) and phanerophytes (15%). Eurasian (28%), Mediterranean (24%) and cosmopolite species (24%) dominate the chorological spectrum. Neophytes are 18% of the total number of species, quite a low percentage if compared with what was observed in other towns of the Po Plain and Central Europe. This fact is probably due to the small area of the historic city centre, whose compact urbanistic struc- ture seems to resist against the diffusion of alien plants. The invasive species are 11% of the total. The presence of 15 hygrophilous species is interesting, since they indicate irrigation or hyper-irrigation of lawns and flowerbeds. We found 4 protected species at the regional level, of which 2 are escaped from cultivation. Concerning the affinity of the species to urban ecology, the floristic list is dominated by the urban- neutral (45%) and urbanophilous species (42%). This fact can indicate a good variety in terms of growth environments, with most of them probably in a quite advanced phase of ecological evolution for an urban centre, and also a fairly good environmental quality, likely due – at least partially – to the abundance of green areas. The species richness in every road or square is strongly correlated to the environmental heterogeneity (ρ = 0,794) and moderately correlated to the nearby presence of green areas (ρ = 0,544) and to the road length or square surface (ρ = 0,665 and 0,673, respectively). Furthermore, a weak correlation (ρ = 0,212) exists between the presence of horticultural or food species and the presence of restaurants in the same road or square. Therefore, the town is confirmed to be a very dynamic ecosystem with great biological richness, useful to understand the ecological strategies developed by plants to adapt to sometimes very unfavourable conditions. In addition, during the process of colonisation of a region, urban areas often act as a «hub» for the spreading of species along the road and railway network. Understanding and respecting the ecological roles of native species is thus fundamental for modern urban planning, aimed at improving the quality of life as a whole.

Flora vascolare spontanea della città di Modena: analisi del centro storico / Buldrini, F.; Gentilini, M.; Bruni, C.; Santini, C.; Alessandrini, A.; Bosi, G.. - In: NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCES. - ISSN 2385-0922. - 7:1(2020), pp. 3-56. [10.4081/nhs.2020.443]

Flora vascolare spontanea della città di Modena: analisi del centro storico

F. Buldrini;G. Bosi
2020

Abstract

The results of the first systematic study concerning the urban flora of Modena are here presented. Data collection was carried out in 2014- 2018, by inspecting every road and square of the historic centre, intended as the area encompassed within the wide avenues that retrace the layout of the 16th century ramparts. 344 plant species were found, of which 1 is new for the flora of Italy, 10 are new for Emilia-Romagna and 19 are new for the province of Modena. Among these 30 new species, alien species make up 63%. There are 17 species no longer found during this study, which were observed at least 20 years ago or were testified only by late 19th century herbarium samples. The life form spectrum is dominated by the therophytes (44%), followed by hemi- cryptophytes (28%) and phanerophytes (15%). Eurasian (28%), Mediterranean (24%) and cosmopolite species (24%) dominate the chorological spectrum. Neophytes are 18% of the total number of species, quite a low percentage if compared with what was observed in other towns of the Po Plain and Central Europe. This fact is probably due to the small area of the historic city centre, whose compact urbanistic struc- ture seems to resist against the diffusion of alien plants. The invasive species are 11% of the total. The presence of 15 hygrophilous species is interesting, since they indicate irrigation or hyper-irrigation of lawns and flowerbeds. We found 4 protected species at the regional level, of which 2 are escaped from cultivation. Concerning the affinity of the species to urban ecology, the floristic list is dominated by the urban- neutral (45%) and urbanophilous species (42%). This fact can indicate a good variety in terms of growth environments, with most of them probably in a quite advanced phase of ecological evolution for an urban centre, and also a fairly good environmental quality, likely due – at least partially – to the abundance of green areas. The species richness in every road or square is strongly correlated to the environmental heterogeneity (ρ = 0,794) and moderately correlated to the nearby presence of green areas (ρ = 0,544) and to the road length or square surface (ρ = 0,665 and 0,673, respectively). Furthermore, a weak correlation (ρ = 0,212) exists between the presence of horticultural or food species and the presence of restaurants in the same road or square. Therefore, the town is confirmed to be a very dynamic ecosystem with great biological richness, useful to understand the ecological strategies developed by plants to adapt to sometimes very unfavourable conditions. In addition, during the process of colonisation of a region, urban areas often act as a «hub» for the spreading of species along the road and railway network. Understanding and respecting the ecological roles of native species is thus fundamental for modern urban planning, aimed at improving the quality of life as a whole.
2020
19-giu-2020
7
1
3
56
Flora vascolare spontanea della città di Modena: analisi del centro storico / Buldrini, F.; Gentilini, M.; Bruni, C.; Santini, C.; Alessandrini, A.; Bosi, G.. - In: NATURAL HISTORY SCIENCES. - ISSN 2385-0922. - 7:1(2020), pp. 3-56. [10.4081/nhs.2020.443]
Buldrini, F.; Gentilini, M.; Bruni, C.; Santini, C.; Alessandrini, A.; Bosi, G.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1204137
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