Hypospadias: clinical approach, surgical technique and outcome. Twenty years’ experience of a single centre

Background: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in male. Nowadays, hypospadias surgical repair has become highly demanding and deeply investigated with more than 300 corrective procedures. Its success is assessed by the “reoperation rate” that occurs short after the surgery within a brief follow-up (6-12 months). However, short-term outcomes may not reflect the long-term ones, as hypospadias repair may influence adolescence and adult life. This study aims to identify the cosmetic, functional and psychosexual outcomes on a long-term follow-up and to suggest an innovative approach to the hypospadiac patient’s care, as well as providing a review of a singol center experience. Methods: Medical records of 398 patients treated by the same surgeon for hypospadias between August 2001 and December 2017 were reviewed. Families were reached by phone and invited to attend a free-charge follow-up examination. A life-related interview and 3 validated questionnaires (the Penile Perception Score-PPS, the Hypospadias Objective Score Evaluation-HOSE, the International Index of Erectile Function-5-IIEF5) were used, according to the age, to compare the parents’, patients’ and surgeon’s opinion on long-term outcomes. Results: 187 patients were included in the study (response rate 47%). 46 patients (24.6%) presented at least one complication after the repair with a mean elapsed time of 17.6 months (SD 18,96). Longitudinal differences in surgical corrective procedures (p<0.01), clinical approach (p<0.01) and hospitalisation after surgery (p<0.01) were found. Cosmetic data from the PPS were similar among patients and parents, with no significant differences according to patients’ age nor to the type of hypospadias: 83% of the patients and 87% of the parents were satisfied with the cosmetic result. A significant difference in functional outcome relating to the type of hypospadias was reflected by the HOSE among patients (p<0.001), parents (p:0.02) and surgeon (p<0.01). Patients’ HOSE total score was consistently lower compared to the surgeon one (p<0.01). The HOSE satisfaction rate on functional outcome was 89% for patients and 92% for parents. No data were available from the IIEF5 questionnaire. Conclusion: Long-term hypospadias outcomes still represent a debated issue for scientific community and a standardized approach to evaluate the consequences of surgery through time is needed. We propose an innovative algorithm in attempt to fill the gap of the present literature.