Toll-like receptors (TLRs) mediate interactions between environmental stimuli and innate immunity. TLRs play a major role in the development of numerous pancreatic diseases, making these molecules attractive as potential therapeutic targets. TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 are involved in the initiation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), whereas TLR2 and TLR4 play a major role in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, TLRs cause derangements in several tumor suppressor proteins (such as p16, p21, p27, p53 and pRb), induce STAT3 activation and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as oncogene-induced senescence. In this review we will focus on the contribution of TLRs in pancreatic disease including cancer and we describe recent progress in TLR-modulation for the treatment of these patients.

Toll like receptors and pancreatic diseases: From a pathogenetic mechanism to a therapeutic target / Santoni, Matteo; Andrikou, Kalliopi; Sotte, Valeria; Bittoni, Alessandro; Lanese, Andrea; Pellei, Chiara; Piva, Francesco; Conti, Alessandro; Nabissi, Massimo; Santoni, Giorgio; Cascinu, Stefano. - In: CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS. - ISSN 0305-7372. - 41:7(2015), pp. 569-576.

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