Birth of an ocean in the Red Sea: Oceanic-type basaltic melt intrusions precede continental rupture

The role of magmatism in continental rupture at the birth of a new ocean is poorly understood. Continental rupture can take place with voluminous volcanism, as in the southern Red Sea, or in a relatively non-volcanic mode, as in the northern Red Sea. We report geophysical, geochemical and geochronological evidence suggesting that continental rupture in the northern Red Sea is preceded by MORB-type basaltic melt intrusions that cooled at depth forming gabbros at progressively shallower crustal levels as rifting progressed towards continental separation. One of these gabbros yielded an40Ar/39Ar age of 25 ± 6 Ma, suggesting intrusion during early rifting. A magma chamber we detected 3.5 km below Thetis Deep, an axial segment of initial oceanic crust accretion, represents the final stage in this progression. Oceanic crust accretion in the Red Sea rift starts first at depth before continental rupture and initiation of sea floor spreading.