Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both in heavily pre-treated patients and upfront. Lenalidomide has a unique mechanism of action in CLL. Its efficacy relies on a multifactorial mode-of-action (MOA), comprising a plethora of immunomodulatory actions, the disruption of mutualistic interactions inside CLL microenvironment and direct effects against leukemic cells. In the last few years, a number of new and highly effective drugs appeared in the scenario of CLL therapeutic options, i.e. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showing a good safety profile and impressive clinical response, also in high-risk patients. In this review, we describe the data from clinical studies about lenalidomide efficacy in CLL and we critically dissect the different mechanisms of action of this drug. We point the attention on open issues, including drug dosage and administration schedule, prediction of clinical response to lenalidomide, and combination therapeutic strategies. This overview would be useful to envision a possible role of lenalidomide in the treatment flow-chart of CLL, exploiting its peculiar MOA and also exploring the possible synergetic effect with new drugs.

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both in heavily pre-treated patients and upfront. Lenalidomide has a unique mechanism of action in CLL. Its efficacy relies on a multifactorial mode-of-action (MOA), comprising a plethora of immunomodulatory actions, the disruption of mutualistic interactions inside CLL microenvironment and direct effects against leukemic cells. In the last few years, a number of new and highly effective drugs appeared in the scenario of CLL therapeutic options, i.e. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showing a good safety profile and impressive clinical response, also in high-risk patients. In this review, we describe the data from clinical studies about lenalidomide efficacy in CLL and we critically dissect the different mechanisms of action of this drug. We point the attention on open issues, including drug dosage and administration schedule, prediction of clinical response to lenalidomide, and combination therapeutic strategies. This overview would be useful to envision a possible role of lenalidomide in the treatment flow-chart of CLL, exploiting its peculiar MOA and also exploring the possible synergetic effect with new drugs.

Lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The present and future in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors / Maffei, Rossana; Colaci, Elisabetta; Fiorcari, Stefania; Martinelli, Silvia; Potenza, Leonardo; Luppi, Mario; Marasca, Roberto. - In: CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY. - ISSN 1040-8428. - STAMPA. - 97:(2016), pp. 291-302. [10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.003]

Lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The present and future in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors

MAFFEI, Rossana;COLACI, ELISABETTA;FIORCARI, STEFANIA;MARTINELLI, Silvia;POTENZA, Leonardo;LUPPI, Mario;MARASCA, Roberto
2016

Abstract

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) clinically active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), both in heavily pre-treated patients and upfront. Lenalidomide has a unique mechanism of action in CLL. Its efficacy relies on a multifactorial mode-of-action (MOA), comprising a plethora of immunomodulatory actions, the disruption of mutualistic interactions inside CLL microenvironment and direct effects against leukemic cells. In the last few years, a number of new and highly effective drugs appeared in the scenario of CLL therapeutic options, i.e. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), showing a good safety profile and impressive clinical response, also in high-risk patients. In this review, we describe the data from clinical studies about lenalidomide efficacy in CLL and we critically dissect the different mechanisms of action of this drug. We point the attention on open issues, including drug dosage and administration schedule, prediction of clinical response to lenalidomide, and combination therapeutic strategies. This overview would be useful to envision a possible role of lenalidomide in the treatment flow-chart of CLL, exploiting its peculiar MOA and also exploring the possible synergetic effect with new drugs.
2016
30-set-2015
97
291
302
Lenalidomide in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: The present and future in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors / Maffei, Rossana; Colaci, Elisabetta; Fiorcari, Stefania; Martinelli, Silvia; Potenza, Leonardo; Luppi, Mario; Marasca, Roberto. - In: CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY. - ISSN 1040-8428. - STAMPA. - 97:(2016), pp. 291-302. [10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.003]
Maffei, Rossana; Colaci, Elisabetta; Fiorcari, Stefania; Martinelli, Silvia; Potenza, Leonardo; Luppi, Mario; Marasca, Roberto
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