Detailed stratigraphical investigations have been carried out in the Terni basin (Central Italy) in order to improve understanding of the interactions between its geoenvironmental evolution and ancient human communities. The information provided by geological-geomorphological, litho-pedostratigraphical and mineralogical analyses has been correlated with radiocarbon dating and historical, archaeological and paleobiological evidence. The data collected have permitted a multidisciplinary approach that has led to an integrated interpretation of the Terni basin and its palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic evolution from the Early Holocene.