First palynological data from the “Vasca Inferiore di Noceto”, an artificial mire of the Bronze age in the Po Plain

In the framework of the national-funded project SUCCESSO-TERRA (PRIN-20158KBLNB), an interdisciplinary geoarchaeological and archaeobotanical (pollen and macroremains) investigation has been carried out, aiming at reconstructing the land transformations that occurred at the onset, duration, and end of the Terramare culture in the southern-central Po Plain (Emilia Romagna region). The Terramare are archaeological remains of a unique cultural phenomenon: banked and moated villages that were located in the Po River alluvial plain, dated to Middle and Recent Bronze ages (1550-1170 years BC; Cremaschi et al. 2016). An artificial basin of the Middle Bronze Age, built and delimited entirely with oak wood, was found in the spring of 2004 in Noceto, in the province of Parma. Due to the unusual and, at the same time, extraordinary character of this site, the intervention promoted by the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell’Emilia Romagna was timely. The excavation campaigns that followed, thanks to the cooperation with the Università di Milano and Comune di Noceto, brought to light bio-archaeological materials in a good state of conservation because they were always submerged in the water in a deposit of saturated clay until they were found (Cremaschi et al. 2009). In the 2015 following excavations, it was discovered that this structure (Fig. 1) was built after the collapse of an older and wider basin. The latter is called “Vasca Inferiore” for its position. The use of both structures covered a period of about one century. ... This palynological research allows to investigate the relationships between human action and a special artificial wet environment during the Bronze Age by providing biological data to an archaeological context. The results give useful information for a better understanding of current human impact on small mires as they show how much it limits the development of biotic communities and the formation of true ecological successions. The study may be a contribution to conservation studies and sustainable management plans of human environments in the Po Plain.