The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project: a lesson of sustainability from the Terramare culture, Middle Bronze Age of the Po Plain (North Italy)

The SUCCESSO-TERRA Project (Human societies, climate-environment changes and resource exploitation/sustainability in the Po Plain in the mid-Holocene: the Terramare culture; PRIN-20158KBLNB) is a research program aiming at reconstructing landscape and land-use transformations that occurred during the Terramare period in the southern-central Po Plain of Northern Italy. The project joints experts on Geoarchaeology, Palynology and Archaeobotany to study highresolution archaeological sediments with an interdisciplinary ecological perspective. The Terramare settlements were banked and moated villages of the Middle and Recent Bronze Ages (1550–1170 cal yr BC). According to the plant record (both micro- and macro-remains), agricultural economy was based on cultivation and exploitation of forests. Pollen analysis suggests wood management, including coppicing, and fruit collection on the wild, the existence of crop fields with different types of cereals and the intercropping with legumes. The most of the open landscapes around the villages were used for pastures as suggested by pasture indicators in pollen spectra. Our interdisciplinary study will disclose the natural (environmental aridification) and anthropic (overexploitation of natural resources) reasons of the collapse of the Terramare culture, by investigating the environmental changes in the region and their relationships with the different land-use adopted by the Terramare people.