The First World War is generally considered the first total war of the history. Besides the suffering of the soldiers at the front there was an intense mobilization of civil society: the reorganization of economic systems, the rationing of food resources, and severe limitations of personal freedom. This book analyzes the deep transformations that took place in Italy during these crucial years, seen from the point of view of the Province of Bologna. The government declared the main town of Emilia and its territory “war zone” since the very beginning of the war: this choice was bount to break off any possible opposition to the mobilization of the army by the socialist movement, which was deeply-rooted in these areas. With the prolongation of the war the “red province” emerged more and more as a “great deep backline” of crucial strategic importance to the war effort. The decision to maintain an exceptional regime was therefore confirmed. Strict control, however, was not enough. Since the first months of the war a dialogue was set up among the civil and military powers of the State and the socialist organizations. It concerned the most important issues related to the life of civil society: the management of economic conflicts, the rationing policy, the organization of local welfare. The result was a complex web of repression and collaboration, affected both by the general political and military events, and the attitudes and strategies of the different actors: the civil authorities, military commands, the “interventionist” parties and the socialist movement in its different and contrasting facets. Studying the Great War in Bologna means therefore to investigate the Great War in Italy and, in many respects, in Europe.
La prima guerra mondiale è generalmente considerata la prima guerra totale della storia. Alle sofferenze dei soldati al fronte corrispose un’intensa mobilitazione delle società civili: riorganizzazione dei sistemi economici, razionamento delle risorse alimentari, severa limitazione delle libertà. Questo volume studia le profonde trasformazioni avvenute in Italia in questi anni cruciali scegliendo come punto di osservazione la provincia di Bologna. Il governo dichiarò il capoluogo emiliano e il suo territorio “zona di guerra” fin dal 24 maggio 1915: si volle così stroncare ogni eventuale opposizione del movimento socialista, che qui era fortissimo, alla mobilitazione dell’esercito. Con il prolungarsi della guerra la “provincia rossa” emerse sempre più come “grande retrovia” di cruciale importanza strategica per lo sforzo bellico, e la decisione di mantenere un regime eccezionale venne confermata. Un controllo rigido, però, non bastava. Fra poteri civili e militari dello Stato e organizzazioni socialiste s’instaurò così sin dall’inizio del conflitto un dialogo sui temi più importanti legati alla vita della società: la gestione delle controversie economiche, la politica annonaria, l’organizzazione dell’assistenza civile. Ne scaturì un complesso intreccio di repressione e collaborazione, condizionato sia dagli avvenimenti politici e militari attraversati dal paese, sia dagli atteggiamenti e dalle strategie dei diversi attori: le autorità civili, gli apparati militari, le forze politiche di orientamento interventista e il movimento socialista nelle sue diverse e contrastanti sfaccettature. Studiare la guerra a Bologna diventa così studiare la guerra in Italia e, per molti aspetti, in Europa.
La grande retrovia in territorio nemico. Bologna e la sua provincia nella Grande Guerra (1914-1918) / DEGLI ESPOSTI, Fabio. - (2017), pp. 3-795.
La grande retrovia in territorio nemico. Bologna e la sua provincia nella Grande Guerra (1914-1918)
DEGLI ESPOSTI, Fabio
2017
Abstract
The First World War is generally considered the first total war of the history. Besides the suffering of the soldiers at the front there was an intense mobilization of civil society: the reorganization of economic systems, the rationing of food resources, and severe limitations of personal freedom. This book analyzes the deep transformations that took place in Italy during these crucial years, seen from the point of view of the Province of Bologna. The government declared the main town of Emilia and its territory “war zone” since the very beginning of the war: this choice was bount to break off any possible opposition to the mobilization of the army by the socialist movement, which was deeply-rooted in these areas. With the prolongation of the war the “red province” emerged more and more as a “great deep backline” of crucial strategic importance to the war effort. The decision to maintain an exceptional regime was therefore confirmed. Strict control, however, was not enough. Since the first months of the war a dialogue was set up among the civil and military powers of the State and the socialist organizations. It concerned the most important issues related to the life of civil society: the management of economic conflicts, the rationing policy, the organization of local welfare. The result was a complex web of repression and collaboration, affected both by the general political and military events, and the attitudes and strategies of the different actors: the civil authorities, military commands, the “interventionist” parties and the socialist movement in its different and contrasting facets. Studying the Great War in Bologna means therefore to investigate the Great War in Italy and, in many respects, in Europe.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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GrandeRetrovia.pdf
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