The LPP of Modena and Archeobotany: research in Italy over the last twenty years

The study of pollen, NPPs, seeds and fruits, wood and charcoal from archaeological contexts is essential to investigate the history of man and the environmental changes connected to the anthropic pressure in a territory. The archaeobotanical record is highly influenced by human activity; this feature has to be considered in order to correctly interpret the data, and also it is valuable to obtain detailed informations on relationship between humans and plants from prehistoric to recent times. Over the last twenty years, archaeobotanical materials from about eighty Italian sites have been studied by our Laboratory; the investigation has focused on regions of Northern (especially Emilia Romagna), Central (mainly Tuscany) and Southern (mainly Basilicata and Sicily) Italy. The sites range in dates from the Bronze Age, Roman Period, Middle Ages, Renaissance, up to the modern age. These investigations have become more multidisciplinary using the paleo-ecological and ethnobotanical approaches. The data have been interpreted as a possible source of information for the understanding of the biodiversity of the past, even for purposes of conservation. A new field is represented by the analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA), which can be a source of new and interesting information, especially on crops.