Nanoparticles as Blood–Brain Barrier Permeable CNS Targeted Drug Delivery Systems

Research in the field of nano-neuroscience is becoming a promising future direction given the advantages presented by nanosystems for central nervous system (CNS) drug delivery. Since the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents an invincible obstacle for the majority of drugs such as antineoplastic agents and a variety of psychoactive drugs such as neuropeptides, “smart” CNS drug delivery systems with high ability to deliver substances across the BBB are highly desired and will not only enable drugs to reach the CNS but also target specific areas of the CNS. Thus, injectable biodegradable nanoparticles have an important potential application in the treatment of a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in the following, we will highlight the requirement and importance of CNS drug delivery systems with particular emphasis on nano-scale systems. It is the objective of this article to offer a perspective on the complexity and challenges in fabrication of nanostructures, in vivo nano–bio interactions and also to highlight some of the most used nanosystems for drug delivery into the CNS.