Research on complex gravitational slope movements in the Northern Apennines (Italy)

Some cases of complex gravitational slope deformations occurring along the Po Valley side of the Northern Apennines are considered. In the past many situations now definitely ascribed to gravitational movements had been wrongly interpreted as the result of tectonic activity or karst processes. The present tendency to consider slope movements affecting complex situations, due to fractured calcareous or arenaceous rocks directly overlying clayey weak rocks, as deep-seated gravitational slope deformations is discussed. The results of the research show that in many cases it is not possible to apply to these movements simple mechanisms of failure, owing to the complexity of the structural situations and the variability of the substratum's geotechnical and geomechanical characteristics. The importance of a correct interpretation of the geomorphological features is also emphasized, since similar landforms could result from totally different processes.