BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The improvement in the survival rates of cancer patients due to the new oncological and biological agents has led to an increase in those who develop kidney diseases. It is now well known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer are connected in several ways. However, the overall incidence and prevalence of CKD in cancer patients are still uncertain, but much evidence suggests that the risk is high and increasing. The purpose of the study is to provide data on the prevalence and incidence of CKD in patients included in the Cancer Registry of the province of Reggio Emilia from January 1st to December 31st 2016. METHODS: single-center, observational and retrospective study. For all patients included, data on sex, age, ethnicity, serum creatinine and related eGFR, type and number of tumors, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were collected. The main cancer sites considered were breast, colorectal, lungs, pancreas, stomach, prostate, lymphomas and leukemias. An eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min1.73m2 was indicative of a normal kidney function, while an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 as kidney impairment. All the eGFR data were calculated not only with the CKD-EPI formula, now recognized as the reference formula for estimating eGFR in the general population, but also with the Wright formula which seems to provide the best evaluation in cancer patients. RESULTS: 4254 patients with a cancer diagnosis were identified between January 1st and December 31st 2016; of these, 171 patients were excluded due to lack of data. Of the remaining 4083 patients, 776 (19%) had at least an eGFR value <60 mL/min/1.73m2 prior to cancer diagnosis and 497 patients (11.7%) were identified as affected by CKD. The prevalence of CKD was 4.4% (186 patients) calculated in the following 24 months from cancer diagnosis. For both cohorts of patients (pre-existing CKD and CKD diagnosed at the time of cancer diagnosis), descriptive analyzes were conducted related to personal and clinical data. Referring to the CKD-EPI formula, in patients with pre-existing CKD (497 patients), the mean age was 81 years, 53.7% were men, 18.3% had a known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 3.6% of these patients had 2 or more cancer diagnosis in the study period. 44.3% were alive at the end of the follow-up (December 31st, 2018). Using Wright formula, 504 patients with CKD already present at the time of cancer diagnosis were identified; these patients had an average age of 82 years and in 55.4% of cases were men; 18.8% had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3.8% had 2 or more cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of association between CKD and cancer is critically relevant information. Therefore, the rapid evolution of treatments and the diagnostic anticipation have changed the risk and prognostic factors of kidney diseases in cancer patients. Application of measures to reduce the risk progression of CKD could improve the clinical outcomes high risk cancer patients.

INTRODUZIONE E SCOPI: Il miglioramento dei tassi di sopravvivenza dei pazienti neoplastici per effetto dei nuovi agenti chemioterapici, inclusi i farmaci biologici, ha determinato un aumento di coloro che sviluppano malattia renale conseguente alla neoplasia. L’incidenza complessiva e la prevalenza dell’insufficienza renale cronica (IRC) nei pazienti affetti da tumore sono tuttavia ancora incerte, ma molte evidenze suggeriscono che il rischio sia elevato e in aumento. Lo studio ROCK ha come obiettivi principali quelli di stimare la prevalenza e l’incidenza dell’IRC ne pazienti inclusi nel Registro Tumori della provincia di Reggio Emilia dall'1° Gennaio al 31 Dicembre 2016. METODI: Studio di coorte monocentrico, osservazionale, retrospettivo. I pazienti saranno caratterizzati per sesso, età, etnia, peso, creatinina sierica e relativo eGFR, numero e tipo di tumore, diagnosi di diabete mellito. Le principali sedi di tumore considerato sono state mammella, colon-retto, polmoni, pancreas, stomaco, prostata, leucemie e linfomi. Un valore di eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min1.73m2 è stato considerato indicativo di una condizione di normofunzione renale, mentre un filtrato glomerulare < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 come indicativo di un’alterazione degli indici di funzione renale. Tutti i valori di eGFR sono stati inoltre ottenuti sia con la formula CKD-EPI, oggi riconosciuta come formula di riferimento per la stima dell’eGFR nella popolazione generale, ma anche con l’equazione di Wright che sembra fornire la stima migliore nel paziente oncologico. RISULTATI: sono stati identificati 4254 con diagnosi di cancro tra il 1° Gennaio e il 31 Dicembre 2016; di questi, 171 sono stati esclusi per mancanza di dati. Dei rimanenti 4083, 776 pazienti (19%) avevano almeno un valore di eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m2 precedente alla diagnosi di cancro mentre 497 pazienti (11.7%) sono stati identificati come affetti da IRC. La prevalenza di IRC nei successivi 24 mesi dalla diagnosi di cancro è risultata essere di 4.4% (186 pazienti). Per entrambi le coorti (IRC pre-esistente e IRC di nuova diagnosi), sono state effettuate analisi relative a dati anagrafici e clinici. Facendo riferimento alla formula CKD-EPI, i pazienti con IRC pre-esistente (497), l'età media è risultata essere di 81 anni, il 53.7% erano maschi, il 18.3% aveva una diagnosi di diabete mellito tipo 2, il 3.6% di questi pazienti aveva due o più diagnosi di tumore; il 44.3% risultavano in vita al termine del follow-up (31 Dicembre 2018). Usando la formula di Wright, sono stati identificati 504 pazienti con IRC già presente al momento della diagnosi di cancro; questi pazienti presentavano un'età media di 82 anni, nel 55.4% dei casi erano maschi, il 18.8% era affetto da diabete mellito tipo 2 e il 3.8% aveva 2 o più diagnosi di tumore. CONCLUSIONI: Migliorare la conoscenza delle interazioni tra IRC e cancro sono di fondamentale importanza. La rapida evoluzione dei trattamenti e l’anticipazione diagnostica che si è avuta in molte sedi, hanno cambiato in modo drastico i fattori di rischio e prognostici dell’insufficienza renale nel paziente oncologico. L'applicazione di misure volte alla riduzione del rischio di progressione dell'IRC può pertanto migliorare gli outcomes clinici dei pazienti oncologici ad alto rischio.

Le sfide dell’insufficienza renale cronica nei pazienti fragili: due progetti che affrontano l’impatto dell’invecchiamento e del cancro / Mariarosa Maiorana , 2021 May 31. 33. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2019/2020.

Le sfide dell’insufficienza renale cronica nei pazienti fragili: due progetti che affrontano l’impatto dell’invecchiamento e del cancro

MAIORANA, MARIAROSA
2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The improvement in the survival rates of cancer patients due to the new oncological and biological agents has led to an increase in those who develop kidney diseases. It is now well known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer are connected in several ways. However, the overall incidence and prevalence of CKD in cancer patients are still uncertain, but much evidence suggests that the risk is high and increasing. The purpose of the study is to provide data on the prevalence and incidence of CKD in patients included in the Cancer Registry of the province of Reggio Emilia from January 1st to December 31st 2016. METHODS: single-center, observational and retrospective study. For all patients included, data on sex, age, ethnicity, serum creatinine and related eGFR, type and number of tumors, diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were collected. The main cancer sites considered were breast, colorectal, lungs, pancreas, stomach, prostate, lymphomas and leukemias. An eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min1.73m2 was indicative of a normal kidney function, while an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 as kidney impairment. All the eGFR data were calculated not only with the CKD-EPI formula, now recognized as the reference formula for estimating eGFR in the general population, but also with the Wright formula which seems to provide the best evaluation in cancer patients. RESULTS: 4254 patients with a cancer diagnosis were identified between January 1st and December 31st 2016; of these, 171 patients were excluded due to lack of data. Of the remaining 4083 patients, 776 (19%) had at least an eGFR value <60 mL/min/1.73m2 prior to cancer diagnosis and 497 patients (11.7%) were identified as affected by CKD. The prevalence of CKD was 4.4% (186 patients) calculated in the following 24 months from cancer diagnosis. For both cohorts of patients (pre-existing CKD and CKD diagnosed at the time of cancer diagnosis), descriptive analyzes were conducted related to personal and clinical data. Referring to the CKD-EPI formula, in patients with pre-existing CKD (497 patients), the mean age was 81 years, 53.7% were men, 18.3% had a known diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 3.6% of these patients had 2 or more cancer diagnosis in the study period. 44.3% were alive at the end of the follow-up (December 31st, 2018). Using Wright formula, 504 patients with CKD already present at the time of cancer diagnosis were identified; these patients had an average age of 82 years and in 55.4% of cases were men; 18.8% had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 3.8% had 2 or more cancer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of association between CKD and cancer is critically relevant information. Therefore, the rapid evolution of treatments and the diagnostic anticipation have changed the risk and prognostic factors of kidney diseases in cancer patients. Application of measures to reduce the risk progression of CKD could improve the clinical outcomes high risk cancer patients.
Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease on frail patients: two projects addressing the impact of aging and cancer
31-mag-2021
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Descrizione: "Challenges of Chronic Kidney Disease on frail patients: two projects addressing the impact of aging and cancer", Maiorana Mariarosa
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