Neuroinflammation, whose distinctive sign is the activation of microglia, is supposed to play a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this investigation was to determine levels of neurosteroids produced by resting and injured BV-2 microglial cells. BV-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of rotenone to progressively reduce their viability by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BV-2 cell viability was significantly reduced 24, 48 and 72 h after rotenone (50–1000 nM) exposure. Concomitantly, rotenone (50–100 nM) determined a dose-independent augmentation of ROS production. Then, BV-2 cells were exposed to a single, threshold dose of rotenone (75 nM) to evaluate the overtime release of neurosteroids. In particular, pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, progesterone, 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5-DHP), allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone, were quantified in the culture medium by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. BV-2 cells synthesized all the investigated neurosteroids and, after exposure to rotenone, 5DHP and pregnanolone production was remarkably increased. In conclusion, we found that BV-2 cells not only synthesize several neurosteroids, but further increase this production following oxidative damage. Pregnanolone and 5alpha-DHP may play a role in modifying the progression of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.

BV-2 Microglial Cells Respond to Rotenone Toxic Insult by Modifying Pregnenolone, 5alpha-Dihydroprogesterone and Pregnanolone Level / Avallone, Rossella; Lucchi, Chiara; Puja, Giulia; Codeluppi, Alessandro; Filaferro, Monica; Vitale, Giovanni; Rustichelli, Cecilia; Biagini, Giuseppe. - In: CELLS. - ISSN 2073-4409. - 9:9(2020), pp. 2091-2106. [10.3390/cells9092091]

BV-2 Microglial Cells Respond to Rotenone Toxic Insult by Modifying Pregnenolone, 5alpha-Dihydroprogesterone and Pregnanolone Level

Rossella Avallone
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
;
Chiara Lucchi
Methodology
;
Giulia Puja
Conceptualization
;
Alessandro Codeluppi
Methodology
;
Monica Filaferro
Methodology
;
Giovanni Vitale
Funding Acquisition
;
Cecilia Rustichelli
Methodology
;
Giuseppe Biagini
Supervision
2020

Abstract

Neuroinflammation, whose distinctive sign is the activation of microglia, is supposed to play a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this investigation was to determine levels of neurosteroids produced by resting and injured BV-2 microglial cells. BV-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of rotenone to progressively reduce their viability by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BV-2 cell viability was significantly reduced 24, 48 and 72 h after rotenone (50–1000 nM) exposure. Concomitantly, rotenone (50–100 nM) determined a dose-independent augmentation of ROS production. Then, BV-2 cells were exposed to a single, threshold dose of rotenone (75 nM) to evaluate the overtime release of neurosteroids. In particular, pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, progesterone, 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5-DHP), allopregnanolone, and pregnanolone, were quantified in the culture medium by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. BV-2 cells synthesized all the investigated neurosteroids and, after exposure to rotenone, 5DHP and pregnanolone production was remarkably increased. In conclusion, we found that BV-2 cells not only synthesize several neurosteroids, but further increase this production following oxidative damage. Pregnanolone and 5alpha-DHP may play a role in modifying the progression of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
2020
13-set-2020
9
9
2091
2106
BV-2 Microglial Cells Respond to Rotenone Toxic Insult by Modifying Pregnenolone, 5alpha-Dihydroprogesterone and Pregnanolone Level / Avallone, Rossella; Lucchi, Chiara; Puja, Giulia; Codeluppi, Alessandro; Filaferro, Monica; Vitale, Giovanni; Rustichelli, Cecilia; Biagini, Giuseppe. - In: CELLS. - ISSN 2073-4409. - 9:9(2020), pp. 2091-2106. [10.3390/cells9092091]
Avallone, Rossella; Lucchi, Chiara; Puja, Giulia; Codeluppi, Alessandro; Filaferro, Monica; Vitale, Giovanni; Rustichelli, Cecilia; Biagini, Giuseppe
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1.52 MB Adobe PDF Visualizza/Apri
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1209697
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