AIM To characterize natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) and compare its clinical features and outcomes to those of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. METHODS A prospective cohort of 102 consecutive patients at their first diagnosis of CC were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and outcomes were compared to an age-and Child-Pugh class-matched cohort of 110 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, ultrasound/endoscopic parameters and, whenever possible, on histological grounds and transient elastography. All cases of cirrhosis without a definite etiology were enrolled in the CC group. The parameters assessed were: (1) severity of liver disease at the time of first diagnosis; (2) liver decompensation during follow-up; (3) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (4) orthotopic liver transplantation; and (5) death. The independent associated factors were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis, and survival and its determinants by the Kaplan-Meier model, log-rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS At the first observation, median age was 66 and 65 years and male gender was 36% and 58% for CC and HCV cirrhosis, respectively. CC showed Child-Pugh class A/B/C of 47%/31%/22%, respectively. Compared to HCV cirrhosis, CC exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (12% vs 54%, respectively), overweight/obesity, high BMI, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular diseases, extrahepatic cancer, and gallstones. Over a median period of 42 mo of follow-up, liver decompensation, HCC development and death for CC and HCV-related cirrhosis were 60.8%, and 54.4%, 16.7% and 17.2%, 39.2% and 30%, respectively. The median survival was 60 mo for CC. Independent predictors of death were age and Child-Pugh class at diagnosis. CC showed an approximately twofold higher incidence of HCC in Child-Pugh class A. CONCLUSION Undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has an etiologic role in CC that is associated with a poor prognosis, early HCC development, high risk of cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancer.

Clinical features and natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis compared to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis / Rinaldi, Luca; Nascimbeni, Fabio; Giordano, Mauro; Masetti, Chiara; Guerrera, Barbara; Amelia, Annalisa; Fascione, Maria Chiara; Ballestri, Stefano; Romagnoli, Dante; Zampino, Rosa; Nevola, Riccardo; Baldelli, Enrica; Iuliano, Natalina; Rosato, Valerio; Lonardo, Amedeo; Adinolfi, Luigi Elio. - In: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - ISSN 1007-9327. - 23:8(2017), pp. 1458-1468. [10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1458]

Clinical features and natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis compared to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis

Nascimbeni, Fabio;Masetti, Chiara;Ballestri, Stefano;Romagnoli, Dante;Baldelli, Enrica;Adinolfi, Luigi Elio
2017

Abstract

AIM To characterize natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC) and compare its clinical features and outcomes to those of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis. METHODS A prospective cohort of 102 consecutive patients at their first diagnosis of CC were enrolled in this study. The clinical data and outcomes were compared to an age-and Child-Pugh class-matched cohort of 110 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was based on compatible clinical and laboratory parameters, ultrasound/endoscopic parameters and, whenever possible, on histological grounds and transient elastography. All cases of cirrhosis without a definite etiology were enrolled in the CC group. The parameters assessed were: (1) severity of liver disease at the time of first diagnosis; (2) liver decompensation during follow-up; (3) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); (4) orthotopic liver transplantation; and (5) death. The independent associated factors were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis, and survival and its determinants by the Kaplan-Meier model, log-rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS At the first observation, median age was 66 and 65 years and male gender was 36% and 58% for CC and HCV cirrhosis, respectively. CC showed Child-Pugh class A/B/C of 47%/31%/22%, respectively. Compared to HCV cirrhosis, CC exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (12% vs 54%, respectively), overweight/obesity, high BMI, impaired glucose tolerance, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular diseases, extrahepatic cancer, and gallstones. Over a median period of 42 mo of follow-up, liver decompensation, HCC development and death for CC and HCV-related cirrhosis were 60.8%, and 54.4%, 16.7% and 17.2%, 39.2% and 30%, respectively. The median survival was 60 mo for CC. Independent predictors of death were age and Child-Pugh class at diagnosis. CC showed an approximately twofold higher incidence of HCC in Child-Pugh class A. CONCLUSION Undiagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has an etiologic role in CC that is associated with a poor prognosis, early HCC development, high risk of cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancer.
2017
23
8
1458
1468
Clinical features and natural history of cryptogenic cirrhosis compared to hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis / Rinaldi, Luca; Nascimbeni, Fabio; Giordano, Mauro; Masetti, Chiara; Guerrera, Barbara; Amelia, Annalisa; Fascione, Maria Chiara; Ballestri, Stefano; Romagnoli, Dante; Zampino, Rosa; Nevola, Riccardo; Baldelli, Enrica; Iuliano, Natalina; Rosato, Valerio; Lonardo, Amedeo; Adinolfi, Luigi Elio. - In: WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY. - ISSN 1007-9327. - 23:8(2017), pp. 1458-1468. [10.3748/wjg.v23.i8.1458]
Rinaldi, Luca; Nascimbeni, Fabio; Giordano, Mauro; Masetti, Chiara; Guerrera, Barbara; Amelia, Annalisa; Fascione, Maria Chiara; Ballestri, Stefano; Romagnoli, Dante; Zampino, Rosa; Nevola, Riccardo; Baldelli, Enrica; Iuliano, Natalina; Rosato, Valerio; Lonardo, Amedeo; Adinolfi, Luigi Elio
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