Introduction and Aims: Hemorheology evaluates blood flow properties and mainly focuses on the study of blood viscosity and erythrocyte’s deformability. Flow properties are main determinants of an adequate tissue perfusion and their alterations play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases occurrence through endothelium damage and subsequent fibrosis with progression to end-organ injury.Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis present a CV risk of death 10-20 fold higher than the general population but also kidney transplantation (KT), being the optimal therapy for ESRD, keeps an higher CV risk compared to general population.Hemorheologic profile alterations have been described in ESRD patients but comprehensive data on KT recipients are missing. Aim of our study is to characterize the hemorheologic profile of KT recipients, and to compare these data with healthy volunteers and HD patients. Methods: We investigated 47 healthy volunteers, 90 uremic patients undergoing intermittent HD, 108 kidney transplant recipients (KT) testing as hemorheologic parameters: plasma viscosity (ηP), whole blood viscosity (expressed as low shear rate (ηS1) or high shear rate (ηS200), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), flow limit (t0: as minimum strenght to be applied to blood fluid in order to start to flow), erythrocyte deformability (ED) evaluated by Taylor factor (Tk) [1-(ηP/ηS200)0.4/Ht], viscous-elastic blood behavior (as elastic module G’: fluid response to a preset and increasing strain using a oscillating pattern). All measurements were performed with a Haake Rotovisco RV20 Rheometer. Results: We confirmed alterations of the hemorheologic profile in HD patients both before and after the dialytic session. KT, when compared to results obtained before HD treatments , normalizes many hemorheological parameters:ηP (1,35 ± 0,13 mPa*s vs 1,57 ± 0,23 mPa*s; p<0,05), ηS1 (12,57 ± 3,87 mPa*s vs 26,45 ± 11,79; p<0,05), ηS200 (3,96 ± 0,46 mPa*s vs 4,74 ± 1,08 mPa*s; p <0,05), EAI (KT 3,11 ± 0,89 vs 6,11 ± 2,25; p<0,05), t0 (0,12 ± 0,08 mPa vs 0,18 ± 0,06; p<0,05).However, KT show a markedly lower ED when compared to HD, as estimated with Tk (0,85 ± 0,10 vs 0,81 ± 0,09; p<0,05), and this data is confirmed by viscous-elastic blood behaviour with higher G’ in KT than in HD as from figure 1. Conclusions: HD patients show various hemorheologic profile alterations; this could support the extremely high incidence of CV complications in these patients, involving large vessels (hS1), myocardial hypertrophy (t0), small vessels and microcirculation (hS200, Tk, EAI).KT improves most hemorheologic alterations found in HD, justifying a global reduction in CV risk. However ED is reduced in KT (higher Tk and G’), and this alteration could act as a detrimental injury at the microcircolatory level, damaging the endothelium and, through its activation, leading to a progression of end-organ damage in KT patients.As a matter of fact an impaired ED could contribute to progression of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA); effects of different antirejection drugs represent a further stimulating point to be addressed.

HEMOREOLOGIC PROFILE OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK? / Fontana, Francesco; Ballestri, M; Magistroni, R; Damiano, F; Cappelli, G.. - In: NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION. - ISSN 0931-0509. - 29:(2014), pp. 329-329. (Intervento presentato al convegno 51st Congress of the European-Renal-Association(ERA)/European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Association (EDTA) tenutosi a Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS nel MAY 31-JUN 03, 2014).

HEMOREOLOGIC PROFILE OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK?

FONTANA, FRANCESCO;Magistroni, R;Damiano, F;Cappelli, G.
2014

Abstract

Introduction and Aims: Hemorheology evaluates blood flow properties and mainly focuses on the study of blood viscosity and erythrocyte’s deformability. Flow properties are main determinants of an adequate tissue perfusion and their alterations play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases occurrence through endothelium damage and subsequent fibrosis with progression to end-organ injury.Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis present a CV risk of death 10-20 fold higher than the general population but also kidney transplantation (KT), being the optimal therapy for ESRD, keeps an higher CV risk compared to general population.Hemorheologic profile alterations have been described in ESRD patients but comprehensive data on KT recipients are missing. Aim of our study is to characterize the hemorheologic profile of KT recipients, and to compare these data with healthy volunteers and HD patients. Methods: We investigated 47 healthy volunteers, 90 uremic patients undergoing intermittent HD, 108 kidney transplant recipients (KT) testing as hemorheologic parameters: plasma viscosity (ηP), whole blood viscosity (expressed as low shear rate (ηS1) or high shear rate (ηS200), erythrocyte aggregation index (EAI), flow limit (t0: as minimum strenght to be applied to blood fluid in order to start to flow), erythrocyte deformability (ED) evaluated by Taylor factor (Tk) [1-(ηP/ηS200)0.4/Ht], viscous-elastic blood behavior (as elastic module G’: fluid response to a preset and increasing strain using a oscillating pattern). All measurements were performed with a Haake Rotovisco RV20 Rheometer. Results: We confirmed alterations of the hemorheologic profile in HD patients both before and after the dialytic session. KT, when compared to results obtained before HD treatments , normalizes many hemorheological parameters:ηP (1,35 ± 0,13 mPa*s vs 1,57 ± 0,23 mPa*s; p<0,05), ηS1 (12,57 ± 3,87 mPa*s vs 26,45 ± 11,79; p<0,05), ηS200 (3,96 ± 0,46 mPa*s vs 4,74 ± 1,08 mPa*s; p <0,05), EAI (KT 3,11 ± 0,89 vs 6,11 ± 2,25; p<0,05), t0 (0,12 ± 0,08 mPa vs 0,18 ± 0,06; p<0,05).However, KT show a markedly lower ED when compared to HD, as estimated with Tk (0,85 ± 0,10 vs 0,81 ± 0,09; p<0,05), and this data is confirmed by viscous-elastic blood behaviour with higher G’ in KT than in HD as from figure 1. Conclusions: HD patients show various hemorheologic profile alterations; this could support the extremely high incidence of CV complications in these patients, involving large vessels (hS1), myocardial hypertrophy (t0), small vessels and microcirculation (hS200, Tk, EAI).KT improves most hemorheologic alterations found in HD, justifying a global reduction in CV risk. However ED is reduced in KT (higher Tk and G’), and this alteration could act as a detrimental injury at the microcircolatory level, damaging the endothelium and, through its activation, leading to a progression of end-organ damage in KT patients.As a matter of fact an impaired ED could contribute to progression of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA); effects of different antirejection drugs represent a further stimulating point to be addressed.
2014
51st Congress of the European-Renal-Association(ERA)/European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Association (EDTA)
Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS
MAY 31-JUN 03, 2014
Fontana, Francesco; Ballestri, M; Magistroni, R; Damiano, F; Cappelli, G.
HEMOREOLOGIC PROFILE OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: A ROLE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK? / Fontana, Francesco; Ballestri, M; Magistroni, R; Damiano, F; Cappelli, G.. - In: NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION. - ISSN 0931-0509. - 29:(2014), pp. 329-329. (Intervento presentato al convegno 51st Congress of the European-Renal-Association(ERA)/European-Dialysis-and-Transplant-Association (EDTA) tenutosi a Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS nel MAY 31-JUN 03, 2014).
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