Valorization of inorganic waste, end of waste and by-product for ceramics

Recycling and re-use of waste are economically attractive options for public and private actors due to widespread separate collection and the development of functional markets for secondary raw materials. The ceramic sector is particularly sensitive to this setting through re-entry into the production cycle of all by-products and partially amounts of residues derived from depuration treatment process. Besides, thanks to academic and industrial research results, there is the tendency to see different inorganic wastes, “end of wastes” and by-products as new good candidates. In the present work, two case studies, one describing ceramics with high amount of glass waste and one ceramics with different kind of wastes, end-of-wastes and by-products, are reported with a commented list of technological and environmental benefits.