«Potentia» as «potestas». An Interpretation of Modern Politics between Thomas Hobbes and Carl Schmitt

The present essay discusses the relationships between might (potentia) and power (potestas) as it has unfolded throughout the modern age, from Thomas Hobbes to Carl Schmitt. Hobbes indicates the way forward for a progressive linguistic and conceptual coincidence of potentia and potestas: the goal of Hobbesian political philosophy (the search for peace and security) necessitates the reduction of potentia to potestas through the elimination of the content of actus. Schmitt accepts this reduction, by assigning priority to potestas: the image of modern technology as a privileged dimension of potentia-potestas comes together as the modern State. Instead of taking the route of potentia understood as an opening up to new possibilities and as human self-affirmation, the language of potentia-potestas has triggered a process, which is that of a naturalisation of power relations, that is based on and justified by the social inequality arising from the differing extent of ownership of the instruments of technological production.